A Taxonomic Study Of Elaeocarpaceae In East Asia And The Pan-Himalaya

Elaeocarpaceae Juss.ex D.C.is a middle size family in angiosperm.There are about 12 genera and 550 species of Elaeocarpaceae in the world.They are mainly distributed in the Old World and New World tropical regions,but Africa has no distribution.East Asia is the northernmost edge of Elaeocarpaceae in the Northern Hemisphere.East Asia refers to the eastern edge of the current Asian continent,including China,North Korea,South Korea,Japan,and Mongolia(Sun Wenfan,1990).Elaeocarpaceae only distributed in southern China,southern Japan,northern India,Nepal,Bhutan,and northern Myanmar in East Asia and the Pan-Himalayan region1.Based on the task of compiling Elaeocarpaece in Flora of Pan-Himalaya,our study tried to revise this family including East Asia area.It involved 128 names belonging to genera Elaeocarpus L.and Sloanea L.This study fully evaluated the taxonomic value of each morphological characters,on the premise of fully examining the description in original materials and type specimens.We access or borrow Specimens from A,AU,BJFC,BM,BO,C,CAL,CDBI,E,GH,GNNU,HITBC,IBK,IBSC,JXAU,K,KUN,L,LBG,M,MO,NAS,NY,P,PE,PPI,SYS,SZ,US,WUK,and YAF,and get more than 16,000 specimens of 4071 collections,of which 261 specimens were type specimens.We conducted field work from the southwest of Tibet,Yunnan Province,southern Guangxi to Hainan,and 508 collections wre obtained and dissected the flower and fruit of 13 species.The leaf traits,inflorescence and flower traits,and fruit traits of Elaeocarpaceae were measured and analyzed using standard deviation analysis methods.Electron microscopy was used to observe the epidermis microstructure of Elaeocarpaceae.The DELTA system was used to process and calculate the key of Elaeocarpaceae.The results showed that the number of locules,flower sex and anther morphology are important features in section level of Elaeocarpus.Leaf shape,inflorescence,petals,ovary quilt,and stamen number are the important basis for classification in species level.Stamens,fruits and prickles are the basis for the classification of Sloanea.Leaf morphology between species was significantly difference,but the variation within-species was also significant,which was important identification basis in species and subspecies level.The leaf epidermis morphology shows significant differences among species,but there is no regularity between the genera and the subgenus,which is a useful basis for species classification and can be used as an auxiliary trait for the species level.Integrate morphological evaluation results and DELTA software system,it is identified 2 genera,48 species and 9 varieties of Elaeocarpaceae in the region,and 2 species were in doubt.Among them,38 species and 7 varieties were included in the genus Elaeocarpus,and 10 species and 2 varieties were found in Sloanea.One new species(Sloanea longiaculeatae YF Xie&ZX Zhang)is descried.one new combination is proposed[Sloanea cordiolia KM Feng ex HT Chang=Sloanea tomentosa(Bentham)Rehder&EH Wilson var.Cordifolia(KM Feng ex HT Chang)YF Xie et ZX Zhang.].9 species reduced to synonymies,details as follows.Elaeocarpus sylvestris(Lour.)Poir.var.photiniifolius(Hook.et Arn.)Yas.Endo=Elaeocarpus sylvestris(Loureiro)Poiret,Elaeocarpus zollingeri K.Koch var.changii(Y.Tang)Yonek.=Elaeocarpus decipiens var.changii Y.Tang,Elaeocarpus japonicus var.lantsangensis(Hu)HT Chang=Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieb.et Zucc.,Elaeocarpus dianxiensis Y.Tang&H.Li=Elaeocarpus longlingensis YC Hsu&Y.Tang,Elaeocarpus gaoligongshanensis Y.Tang&ZL Dao=Elaeocarpus lacunosus Wallich ex Kurz,Sloanea leptocarpa Diels=Sloanea chingiana Hu,Sloanea integrifolia Chun&FC How=Sloanea chingiana Hu,Sloanea chingiana Hu var.integrifolia(Chun&FC How)H.T.Chang=Sloanea chingiana Hu,Sloanea xichouensis Feng ex Y.Tang&Y.C.Hsu=Sloanea chingiana Hu.This study also provided information on the flowering and flowering period of the Sloanea cordifolia,Sloanea changii M.J.E.Coode,Elaeocarpus multiflorus(Turcz.)Fern.-Vill.,and Elaeocarpus subpetiolatus H.T.Chang.Morpholofical descriptions and key to species of the two genera,distribution maps all species and varieties and taxonomic notes are given.This study is an important summary of the Elaeocarpaceae based on the extensive data and field investigations,the value of morphological characteristics is discussed.The results of the study basically understood the species of the Elaeocarpaceae in the Pan-Himalayan region and was an important achievement of Floara of Pan-Himalaya.