The Technological Survival Situation Of Modern Human And Its Criticism

In the post-industrial era,technological survival has become the basic mode of human beings.Different from natural survival and mechanized survival,technological survival is an indispensable way of existence.As an inevitable proceed of human freedom and liberation,technological survival not only brings unprecedented prosperity to human society,but also raises many new contradictions and dilemmas.The original pursuit of certainty has leads to risks and uncertainties created by technology as byproduct;technological survival leads human to more serious being dominated instead of precious independence;technological survival has made people get rid of the rule of divinity,but make them embrace a psychological state which similar to religious worship;technological survival has confirmed the meaning of secular life,but let nihilism value prevail for it.When technology develops into an extreme uncontrolled thing,it will invade human life all-round.When the ends and means have been inverted,technological survival becomes the basic,main and even "only" existing form in the relations between human and world,we should re-examine the technological living situation,the relationship between man and technology.In one word,to explore a feasible way to surpass the plight of technological survival,has obviously become an important task.In this thesis,the reflection and criticism on the technological living situation of modern people are gradually unfolded in five parts.The first part of this thesis tries to summarize the development and change of human survival mode in chronological order as follows: the natural survival in the manual age,the mechanized survival in the machine age and the technological survival in the information age.They respectively present the characteristics of human existence,which is determined and stipulated by specific dominant factors of survival in different historical stages.Of course,the evolution and change of the way of life does not mean the complete end of previous stage,nor does it mean that many of the existing problems and dilemmas faced by people in the previous stage have been truly solved.The essence of the seemingly "successive" different ways of life in terms of specific division is "evolution" rather than a simple "substitution".In this paper,the above division and judgment are made in order to highlight the difference between mechanized survival and naturalized survival,and to highlight the urgency of modern people to face and reflect on the situation of technological survival.In the second part,the "technological survival" is summarized as the fundamental mode of human existence at the present stage,which is different from the natural survival or the mechanized survival.Technological survival is a way of human survival,which highly depend on and worship technology and its products.Within technological survival,the means of technology has become a single one for human beings to deal with the outside world,and the horizon of technology has become the only view of human beings.On the basis of affirming the positive technological survival's significance and its historical inevitability,this thesis presents modern people's technological survival.Through investigating phenomenon itself,we make a deep analysis of the paradox of the reflexivity of technological survival.Subsequently,we will lead western scholars to think further about the different dimensions of the relationship between human and technology.The third part of this thesis deals with the reflection of modern western philosophy on different dimensions of human-technology relationship.It lists Heidegger,who emphasizes the dimension of "man and nature";Marcuse,who emphasizes the dimension of "man and society";Stiegler who pays attention to the dimension of "man and himself".While revealing the manipulative relationship,background relationship,representative relationship,between technology and human beings.Further more,this thesis highlights the complex trend of the development of human-technology relations.At last,it will highlights the inherent superiority and long-term vitality of Marx's dialectics of existence.In the fourth part of this thesis,machine is taken as an entry point,which raise the question of the technological quest under the context of Marx's machine industry.In the era of Marx,machine as an important carrier of technology,as a typical form of technology,is not only an important index to measure the level of technological development,but also the main symbol of industrial civilization.Marx's concern of technology is precisely reflected in his exposition of the mode of production during industrial society.In this part,thesis tried to trace back to the early stage of industrial civilization,through combing the process of machine derivation and development together with Marx,investigated alienated labor and technology alienation,subsequently explore the root of technology alienation,and look forward to the ultimate abandonment of alienation and human liberation.The last part of this paper analyses the trend of the covert and complicated forms of technology control,at the present stage compared with the times Marx lived in.With the gradually development,technology has grown as the first productive force,which not only shows the function of ideology,but also becomes the ideology itself.By virtue of an invisible and "soft" mandatory nature,technology has dominated the human overall.By virtue of "less ideological" it constantly creates "consent" and produces a large number of one-dimensional ones who have lost the spirit of reflection and criticism.Modern people voluntarily become the slave of technology,acquiescing technology colonize their entire life and living space,ignoring the hegemony of technology domination.Faced with this situation,this thesis investigated deeply into the establishment of technological ideological hegemony logic.It holds that the establishment of technological ideological hegemony depends not only on the dichotomy of thinking mode and rational split between subject and object,but also on the obedience of technology itself to capital logic and political domination logic.To truly surpass the predicament of technological survival of human beings,we should notice the following judgement.It is necessary to reconstruct the reasonable relationship on the basis of human beings oriented value,which means technology exists for human beings.Furthermore,we also need people to re-recognize themselves through the consciousness of human nature,change their own way of life,and complete the transformation from technical survival to human survival.Of course,it should be emphasized that the criticism of the technological survival dilemma of modern people should not stop at the revealing and criticizing of ideology stage,nor at the "critical" behavior itself.No doubt that criticize on technology is important,but criticism itself does not mean the real solution for human existence.In other words,criticism only provides the possibility for the solution.More importantly,it should be a rational concept of technology established through the critique of technology.Criticism of technology should not be content with explaining the viewpoint of technology,but should change the viewpoint of technology.For the reason that the final analysis means the thoroughly change of people.Therefore,under the background of technological survival,standing on the horizon of contemporary philosophy,this thesis attempts to arouse people's original sense of criticism and reflection.Subsequently,it advocate people to re-plan their lives on the scale of beauty and freedom rather than on the dull scale of technology standard.Finally,this thesis hope that it will ultimately promote modern people achieve the transformation from technological to human survival.