| The issue of Conflict and Cooperation exists almost everywhere in daily life.When the conflict appears,the participator might utilize threat and punishment to force other counterparts to make compromise,in order to maximize own benefits.According to the degree of uncertainty,the pnmishment can be divided into certain punishment and uncer-tain punishment.The Nobel Prize winner Thomas Schelling argued that compared with certain punishment,the uncertain punishment elicited stronger threatening effect.The dissertation intends to analyze this view point from perspective of decision neuro-science.The dissertation focuses on the mechanism of cognition on threat and punishment Using techniques of decision neuroscience,we adopts a modified Trust Game as para-digm,electric shock as punishment.Three researches were designed,which intended to explore the effect of threat and punishment,from the perspective of neural mechanism.The effect of uncertainty was the focus of these researches.Research 1 used event-re-Iated potential to explore the effect of electric shock on neural system and the effect of uncertainty.Research 2 also used event-related potential technique,which had advan-tages on time resolution,and utilized a modified Trmst Game,to explore the effect of threat and punishment in economic game.And especially focused on the eflfect of uncer-tainty.Research 3 used functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)technique,which had advantages on space resolution,and utilized the same game of research 2,to ex-plore the effect of threat and punishment.And the effect of uncertainty was also the fo-cus of this research.Via these three researches,the mechamism of threat and punishment was revealed.The main conclusion of these researches are summarized below.(1)According to the general cognitive process of threat-punishment,we proposed a cognitive model of threat-punishment cognition,in order to provide a framework on analysis towards the cognition of threat-punishment.(2)Based on evidence of subjective rating on anxiety and objective measurement on physiological index,it revealed that compared with certain ones,uncertain threat-punishment elicited stronger anxiety during the anticipation for the implementation of punishment.(3)In the case of shorter period of anticipation,the uncertain threat-punishment elicited stronger punishment effect(the pain feeling elicited by electrical shock)than the certain ones,during the period of punishment implementation.Otherwise,in the case of longer period of anticipation,the certain threat-punishment elicited stronger punishment effect.(4)When subjects received punishment without decision task on previous,or when the anticipation for punishment was longer after decision was made in economic game,the uncertain punishment elicited stronger cognitive arousal than certain punishment during the preparation for punishment.(5)The actual implementation of punishment increased the probability that player might make compromise to be more cooperative in following run.Wllen the period of anticipation was longer,the uncertainty can also increase such probability.The dissertation utilized cognitive neuroscience method to explore the cognition of threat-punishment,and got deeper understanding on the mechanism of threat-punish-ment cognition,and broaden the research domain of neuromanagement.The theoretical innovations as listed as follow:(1)It proposed a cognitive model of threat-punishment cognition,in order to pro-vide a framework on analysis towards the cognition of threat-punishment.(2)It revealed the cognitive mechanism of threat-punishment,and provided the ev-idence supporting Nobel Prize winner Thomas Schelling's view point that uncertain punishment is more threatening than certain punishment.(3)It innovatively revealed the neural mechanism of uncertain threat-punishment during conflict-cooperation in economic game.It shed light on the management of pun-ishment during conflict and the management of uncertainty in infonnation revealing. |
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