Taxonomic Study Of Sarcophaga In China(Diptera:Sarcophagidae)

With 891 described species and divided into 166 subgenera,Sarcophaga Meigen(Diptera,Cyclorrhapha,Calyptratae,Sarcophagidae)is the most numerous and one of the most complex genus of Sarcophagidae,Calyptratea.At present,more than 50 subgenera and 160 species have been recorded in China,accounting for more than half of the Chinese diversity of Sarcophagidae.The genus Sarcophaga is widely distributed and has a variety of living habits,such as saprophagy,corprophagy,plant-feeding,parasitism etc,which makes it a popular group for studying insect vector,forensic science,pollination and natural enemy.In this study,the domestic and abroad specimens of Sarcophaga were examined by classic taxonomy methods,and the taxonomic revisions of species published by Chinese scholars were systematically studied.The specimens are supplementary collected from the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Region,Southern China Region,Southwestern China Region and Central China Region,especially from the Southwestern China Region(such as Sichuan and Yunnan provinces)where the Chinese endemic subgenera and type species are recorded.The comparative morphological study of male terminalia of Sarcophaga in China is conducted by the combination of microscope and ultramicroscope methods,as well as wing inference patterns(WIPs),a new morphological method,are used to identify the sarcophagids.In total,55 subgenera and 176 species distributed in China are recorded in this study.One new species,Sarcophaga(Hoa)membranijuxta,is published before and described in Chinese for the firsr time.Three species are recorded in China for the first time and thirteen new synonyms are proposed.New combinations of two species are proposed.The correct spelling of Sarcophaga(Pterosarcophaga)linjiangensis is revised.By this study,the species diversity of Sarcophaga in China are specified.The diagnosis of each subgenera is clarified and the keys to subgenera and species are provided.The academic terms of adult morphology,particularly the morphology terms of male terminalia are redefined.146 species are examined,reaching 83% of all species of Sarcophaga in China.Ninety-five species deposited from domestic and abroad museums or institutes are reexamined and redescribed for the first time,including type specimens of 40 species.Photos of 110 species are taken for the first time,including type specimens of 33 species.Illustrations of male phallus in lateral view are documented for 30 species.The female specimens of the Chinese new record species Sarcophaga(Cornexcisia)kurahashii are firstly confirmed with the combination of morphological and molecular evidence.The feasibility of using Wing Inference Patterns(WIPs)in identifying species of Sarcophaga is basically verified.