Self-crosslinking Hyperbranched Polymers With Quaternary Amine End-groups

Hyperbranched polymers(HBPs)exhibit good solubility and low viscosity and have multiple functional end groups;thus,they have been widely investigated and used as crosslinking agents for polymers.In this present thesis,HBPs were studied and applied for polymer crosslinking.These HBPs,which have quaternary amine salt end groups,are waterborne and capable of self-crosslinking.Industrial production of wide range of synthetic polymers and chemicals heavily relies on fossil fuel resources.Drastic decline in fossil fuels volume will boost the fossil fuels prices and this situation will drastically impact the cost-effectiveness and competiveness of polymers and chemicals.In this alarming situation,lignocellulosic biomass materials can be sustainable source for chemicals and polymer productions.In the first introduction chapter,the general characteristics of the HBPs,self-crosslinking approaches,HBPs as crosslinkers and their applications are summarized.In the second chapter,quaternized hyperbranched polyvinyl benzyl chloride(QHBPVBC)was synthesized and applied as an aqueous crosslinker.Structural characterizations were conducted by nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA),and the crosslinked structure was confirmed through sol-gel analysis.Moreover,the suitable crosslinked density of QHBPVBC for chemical stability and durability at elevated temperatures was determined by investigating the effects of solvent and temperature on swelling ratio.Moreover,QHBPVBC was applied to crosslink the linear polymer structure of the sulfonated polyphenyloxide polymer(H sPPO),and the crosslinking effectiveness of QHBPVBC was evaluated by comparing the mechanical and thermal properties of the crosslinked sulfonated polyphenyloxide with the non-crosslinked sulfonated polyphenyloxide.In the third chapter,different quaternary compounds,such as trimethylamine(TMA),triethylamine(TEA),and pyridine,were used for the preparation of different crosslinked quaternized hyperbranched polyvinyl benzyl chloride(CQHBPVBC).The degradation temperature and thermal stability of the crosslinked membranes(CQHP)were determined by TGA,and their crosslinked density and durability at elevated temperatures were investigated.In the fourth chapter,chemical composition of biomass materials,relationship of chemical structure and energy level,pyrolytic products as result of thermal decomposition,thermal behavior of biomass components,and their applications in medical,pharmaceutical,water treatment,chemical industry,rubber polymer industry and as a catalyst are summarized.In the fifth chapter,thermal behavior of two lignocellulosic biomass:banana peel and canola residue were investigated.Moreover,TG-FTIR analysis was conducted to examine bio-based chemical and bio-fuel production during pyrolysis.Yield(%)of each main pyrolytic chemical compound released during pyrolysis was calculated.Additionally,effect of temperature on concentration and nature of pyrolytic compounds was also studied.