Preparation Of Fullerene Supported Iron Nano Catalyst Materials And Photo-fenton Degradation Of Pollutants Under Visible Light

Photocatalysis and Fenton oxidation methods are two commonly technologies.Preparing high quantum efficiency photocatalytic materials with high light energy conversion efficiency,high quantum efficiency and easy to recycle and reuse is the mainstream for oxidation technology.These new materials can used for visible light heterogeneous Fenton system,and unite photocatalytic with Fenton method.It has a great theoretical significance and practical significance to study the photocatalytic/photo-Fenton system degradation probe pollutants under visible light radiation.Spinel ferrate and hematite?Fe₂O₃?have attracted much attention due to their narrow band gap of about 2.0EV,high photocorrosion resistance,easy separation,recycling and high catalytic activity.Fullerene C₆₀,also known as soccer,is the third isoform of carbon in addition to diamond and graphite.Because of its unique three-dimensional?-electron delocalization structure,it has a strong ability to capture electrons and transfer electrons under light radiation.In this paper,the traditional photo Fenton system is improved,and the novel and efficient C₆₀ composite ferrate(C₆₀-MFe_xO_y)heterogeneous visible Fenton Catalyst were prepared.we used fullerene to modified ferrite?MFe_xO_y:M=Bi?Mn?Co?Cu?,with different content of fullerene.In addition,Iron oxide?Fe₂O₃?was doped onto fullerene[60](C₆₀)to form C₆₀-Fe₂O₃ composite using an easy and scalable impregnation method.The as-prepared C₆₀-MFe_xO_y/Fe₂O₃ samples were characterised.The photocatalytic activity of these catalysts were evaluated by measuring the degradation of typical pollution under visible light?>420 nm?in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.We used active species trapping experiments to distinguish the main active oxidant in the photocatalytic reaction process.The main results were shown as followed:1.BiFeO₃ and C₆₀-BiFeO₃ composite was prepared using an easy hydro-thermal method.The X-ray diffraction?XRD?,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy?FT-IR?,Raman,Transmission electron microscopy?TEM?,Vibrating sample magnetometer?VSM?and a variety of characterization techniques to C₆₀-BiFeO₃ composition,structure and characters etc,were used to characterize the prepared materials.From the XRD and Raman patterns,the cubic crystal structure of BiFeO₃ was observed.The crystal structure of C₆₀-BiFeO₃and BiFeO₃ are identicaL.The crystalline phase are siderite calderite.The results of UV-Vis suggest that the response of the photocatalyst doped with fullerene to visible light were enhanced,and has red shift.When increased the content of fullerene,the adsorption edge was increased form 525nm to 554nm The BET value increased from 19.82m²/g of pure BiFe₂O₄ to 34.86m²/g of C₆₀-BiFeO₃.We used 0.02g of catalyst with 0.1mol/L H₂O₂?pH is 6.02?to degraded MB?50mL,20mg/L?solution.When the content of fullerene is 4%,the degradation rate for MB solution of C₆₀-BiFeO₃ is 97.58%,which is more higher than pure BiFeO₃.We also used visible light/C₆₀-BiFeO₃/H₂O₂ system to degraded diclofenac acid?DCF?,the degradation rate is 98.58%.The C₆₀-BiFeO₃ Catalyst showed high photoCatalytic activity in a wide pH range of 3.18-11.25.To evaluate the reusability of the C₆₀-BiFeO₃composite,the Catalyst was collected and reused five times to degraded the MB solution.This results indicates that the catalyst has an excellent photocatalyst stability and a high potential application value.We utilized the fluorescent probe terephthalic acid?TA?to assess the·OH formation.We also carried out the active species trapping experiments to distinguish the main active oxidant in the photocatalytic reaction process.Isopropanol,disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate?EDTA-2Na?,and nitrogen gas were introduced as various reactive species scavengers for hydroxyl radicals?·OH?,holes?hv?and superoxide anion radical?·O₂^-?.We find the hydroxyl radicals plays a major role in the whole process.2.CoFe₂O₄ and C₆₀-CoFe₂O₄ composite was prepared using an easy hydro-thermal method.The X-ray diffraction?XRD?,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy?FT-IR?,scanning electron microscopy?SEM?and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra?UV-Vis DRS?and a variety of characterization techniques were used to characterize the prepared materials.The optimum conditions of photo Fenton reaction were discussed by studying different reaction conditions.We also used visible light/C₆₀-CoFe₂O₄/H₂O₂ system to degrade diclofenac acid?DCF?.We find the hydroxyl radicals play a major role in the whole process.3.MnFe₂O₄ and C₆₀-MnFe₂O₄ composite was prepared using an easy hydro-thermal method.The X-ray diffraction?XRD?,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy?FT-IR?,Raman,Transmission electron microscopy?TEM?,Vibrating sample magnetometer?VSM?and a variety of characterization techniques were used to characterize the prepared materials..The optimum conditions of photo Fenton reaction were discussed by studying different reaction conditions.We find the hydroxyl radicals play a major role in the whole process.4.CuFe₂O₄ and C₆₀-CuFe₂O₄ composite was prepared using an easy hydro-thermal method.The X-ray diffraction?XRD?,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy?FT-IR?,Raman,Transmission electron microscopy?TEM?,Vibrating sample magnetometer?VSM?and a variety of characterization techniques were used to characterize the prepared materials..The optimum conditions of photo Fenton reaction were discussed by studying different reaction conditions.We find the hydroxyl radicals play a major role in the whole process.C₆₀-CuFe₂O₄,also has excellent effect for ammonia degradation.we using the density function altheory?DFT?method report an electronic structure study of NH₃ Adsorption on one typical Low index plane of the spinel-type CuFe₂O₄,the?100?surface.The results presented here provide an initial understanding of the catalysis mechanism of NH₃ molecule over CuFe₂O₄ surface.5.Iron oxide?Fe₂O₃?was doped onto fullerene[60](C₆₀)to form C₆₀-Fe₂O₃ composite using an easy and scalable impregnation method.The as-prepared C₆₀-Fe₂O₃ samples were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis,scanning electron microscopy,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,UV-vis absorption spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.We also used visible light/C₆₀-Fe₂O₃/H₂O₂ system to degrade organic dye and phenol.We find the hydroxyl radicals play a major role in the whole process.6.The photocatalytic mechanism of C₆₀-BiFeO_3,C₆₀-CoFe₂O₄,C₆₀-MnFe₂O₄,C₆₀-CuFe₂O₄ and C₆₀-Fe₂O₃ were investigated.The effects of the four C₆₀-MFe_xO_y systems on MB degradation were compared.It was found that the degradation ability of the four systems was as follows:C₆₀-CuFe₂O₄>C₆₀-MnFe₂O₄>C₆₀-BiFeO₃>C₆₀-CoFe₂O₄ under the similar reaction conditions.