| Carbon nanomaterials have excellent electrical,thermal and mechanical properties and large specific surface area,which are widely used in many fields,including smart actuators,electronic skin,super-hydrophobic coatings.One of the key challenges in utilizing carbon nanomaterials and their wide applications is the large scale,high quality,low cost construction of raw materials and related functional devices.Owing to the two dimensional assembled structure,carbon nanomaterial films have advantages of high specific surface area,mechanical flexibility,further layer assembly,and easy fabrication into composite with other materials,which have a wide range of practical applications.In this thesis,an controllable preparation of cracked and non-cracked structures was developed through selection of carbon nanomaterial films/polymer hybrid materials and regulation of interface force.Crack structure based flexible and stretchable strain sensors,non-crack structure based soft actuators and super-hydrophobic coatings were fabricated.Multifunctional devices were then efficiently prepared by integrating the above mentioned single functional devices which are based on the same hybrid materials system.Crack structure based flexible and stretchable strain sensors with high performance sensing properties were fabricated using self-assembled carbon nanomaterials film and polydimethylsiloxane hybrid materials.The optimized cracked carbon nanotube films/polydimethylsiloxane?CCNTs/PDMS?composite under appropriate stretching would fracture into gaps,islands,and bridges connecting separated islands.The formed network cracks contributed to both high gauge factor?maximum value of 87?and wide sensing range?up to 100%?of the strain sensor,which allows the detection of strain as low as 0.007%with excellent stability?1500cycles?.CGFs/PDMS strain sensors were fabricated using graphene films/polydimethylsiloxane hybrid materials.The network cracks morphology can be customized by changing layer number and transferring pattern of graphene film,which regulated the strain sensing performance.The optimized CGFs/PDMS strain sensor has high sensitivity?GF up to 514?and wide strain detection range?up to70%?.The strain sensors were used for both subtle and large strain detection,including subtle signals of artery pulses and large scale motions of joint bending.Non-crack structure based bilayer soft actuators were fabricated using self-assembled carbon nanomaterials film and polymer hybrid materials.The reprogrammable graphene films/polyethylene film?GFs/PE?soft actuators enables customized complex structure through pre-designed programming.GFs/PE soft actuators have excellent actuation performance(maximum curvature change of 2.2mm-1,response time of 0.43 s).Magnitude of“curvature×thickness”against time is on the order of 10-1 s-1,which is comparable to the optimal actuation performance reported in literatures.The GFs/PE composite film with patterned graphene film exhibited reprogrammable actuation based on one single composite film.Non-crack structure based carbon nanotube films/polydimethylsiloxane?FCNTs/PDMS?soft actuator were fabricated.2D bending and 3D helical samples realized photo-thermal driven deformation under infrared light.FCNTs/PDMS soft actuators exhibited multiple responsive behaviors,including direct thermal and voltage.The soft actuators based on carbon nanomaterials film/polymer hybrid materials were used in varied applications like bionic actuation and artificial musclesMultifunctional composite devices were efficiently fabricated by integrating single functional devices derived from the same material system?interface self-assembled carbon film/polymer hybrid materials?,including CNTs film/graphene film/PDMS?s-CCNTs/PDMS?based devices with sensing ability and super-hydrophobic surface,CNTs film/graphene film/PE film?s-GFs/PE?based devices with actuating ability and super-hydrophobic surface,graphene film?non-crack structure?/polydimethylsiloxane/graphene film?cracked structure??GFs/PDMS/CGFs?based devices with both sensing and actuating ability.The excellent properties of these devices were demonstrated in specific applications. |
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