High Oleic Acid Peanut Oil Supplementation Attenuates Metabolic Syndrome And Its Mechanisms

Oleic acid,with strong oxidation stability and outstanding nutritional and health function,is called “Safety fatty acid”.Reasonable intake of oleic acid-rich edible oils such as olive oil can prevent multiple chronic diseases.Increasing oleic acid content has become an important direction for oil crop breeding and upgrading of edible oil industry.Peanut is one of the few featured agricultural products in China that is dominant in terms of production,consumption and trade volume.High oleic acid peanut,the oleic acid content higher than 75%,has become a new growth point of peanut industry.High oleic peanuts are being planted on a large scale.However,scientific research on the chronic disease prevention and control of high oleic peanut oil has not been carried out at present,which restricts its healthy consumption.Metabolic syndrome(MS)is a chronic disease of the metabolic system characterized by the accumulation of a variety of metabolic disorders.MS has become a serious threat to human health,which affects about 25% population world widely.In this study,the chemical composition and functional activity preventing MS of high oleic acid peanut oil were studied and confirmed.Moreover,advanced analytical methods including high-throughput sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics were adopted to explore the action mechanism from the perspective of regulating intestinal flora and metabolic pathways.The main results are as follows:1.The chemical composition of high oleic peanut oil was determined.Oleic acid,saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid,and polyunsaturated fatty acid content was 74.71%,9.66%,77.23%,and 10.10% respectively.The fatty acid composition of high oleic acid peanut oil is similar to that of extra virgin olive oil.The oxidation induction period of high oleic acid peanut oil was longer than extra virgin olive oil for 8.5%.2.High sugar high fat diet induced MS in rats,and dietary intervention with high oleic acid peanut oil effectively prevented MS.The diet interventions of high oleic peanut oil and the positive control-extra virgin olive oil significantly inhibited high sugar and high fat diet-induced weight gain and liver lipid accumulation,and body weight gain was lower than model group for 59.83 g and 81.08 g.And also,they significantly inhibited insulin resistance,with reduced 2.21 and 2.45 of insulin resistance index respectively.Moreover,high oleic peanut oil significantly reduced the level of TC,TG and LDL in MS rats by 0.56 mmol/L,1.76 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L,while increased HDL/LDL by 0.55.The effect of high oleic peanut oil in preventing MS was better than extra virgin olive oil.3.The change of intestinal flora in MS rats was analyzed by 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.High-sugar high-fat diet induced intestinal flora disturbance in rats,and high oleic acid peanut oil and positive control extra virgin olive oil diet intervention significantly inhibited the intestinal flora disturbance.And they significantly promoted the proliferation of probiotics.The abundance of Bifidobacterium in high oleic acid peanut oil group and extra virgin olive oil group increased by 5.58 and 1.91 times.High oleic peanut oil significantly inhibits the proliferation of metabolic disorders related bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and Blautia.The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Blautia decreased by 29.83% and 43.28%.4.The change of fecal and serum metabolomics in MS rats was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.Branch-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway plays a key role in the process of high sugar high fat diet-induced MS.High oleic peanut oil and positive control extra virgin olive oil prevented MS mainly affected the biosynthetic pathway of branched chain amino acids.Leucine is a shared serum biomarker of high oleic acid peanut oil group and extra virgin olive oil group.The relative abundance is 0.90% and 0.43% in high oleic acid peanut oil group and extra virgin olive oil group,significantly higher than model group(0.39%).5.The overall mechanism of high oleic peanut oil in preventing MS: inhibit obesity from lipid accumulation,reduce risk factors in blood,promote the proliferation of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium,inhibits the proliferation of harmful bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and Blautia,inhibit intestinal disorders,regulate amino acid metabolism in the intestine,and inhibits the branched-chain amino acid metabolism disorder by regulating the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway in the blood.