The Association Between Air Pollution Exposure And Pregnancy Diseases And Adverse Birth Outcomes In Hohhot

Health risk prevention and control is the core issue of the world's public health.Reproductive health and infant health are related to the future and development of a country.The impact of air pollution on the health of pregnant women and newborns has received much attention.Due to the low incidence of birth defects,complex etiology,many confounding factors,and the need for a large range and a long period of sample accumulation,the relationship between air pollution and pregnancy diseases such as gestational diabetes,preeclampsia,fetal malformation,and adverse birth outcomes are quite important.This article aims at the characteristics of air pollution in Hohhot City,taking the theory of pollution ecology,environmental geochemistry and environmental epidemiology as the guide,using geographic information system,inverse distance interpolation method and Logistic regression model in order to study the relationship and risk assement between air pollutants for neonatal complications and fetal malformation,combined with the typical seasonal characteristics,pregnancy,genetic and other high-risk factors,and the comprehensive impact of air pollutants,adopts a group-designed case control method,based on the large population Sample size perinatal data and daily air pollutant data for a long time span;at the same time,more than10 complications such as anemia,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,etc.,which are highly prevalent during pregnancy,were included in the exposure control model as interference,and6 types were statistically analyzed the correlation between air pollutants and five high-risk diseases in pregnancy has accumulated a large amount of empirical data for the study of the relationship between air pollution and the health of pregnant women and newborns,as well as public health prevention decisions for air pollution in Hohhot and screening and reproduction during pregnancy Health provides a reference,and has accumulated basic data for the study of air pollution and health risks in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China.The main results are as follows:1.From 2013 to 2016,among the six pollutants in Hohhot,PM₁₀ has a high concentration,which is occasionally accompanied by high concentration of O₃ and PM_2.5 pollution pollution day.The pollution levels of SO₂,CO and NO₂ are relatively stable and present a certain seasonal fluctuation.The number of people conceiving in winter was the highest,and the incidence of five diseases was higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn.With the increase of maternal age,the risk of five diseases is on the rise.2.Correlation analysis of risk of low birth weight and pollutant exposure showed that the pollutant exposure concentration in the case group was higher than that in the control group and the difference was statistically significant.The logistic adjusted model showed that the pollutants?OR,95%CI?with positive correlation with LBW were:in 1^st trimester,PM_2.5at IQR?4.39,2.59-7.43??IQR3?2.54,1.70-3.79??IQR4?2.28,1.65-3.14?,PM₁₀at IQR2?1.66,1.01-2.74?;in 2^nd trimester,PM₁₀ at IQR3?2.02,1.41-2.89?,O₃ at IQR4?1.28,1.01-1.67?;in 3^rd trimester,O₃at IQR3?1.31,1.01-1.72?,NO₂ at IQR2?6.87,3.78-12.50??IQR3?4.61,2.70-7.85??IQR4?2.67,1.61-4.45?;for entire trimester,SO₂ at IQR4?1.37,1.01-1.86?,O₃ at IQR2?2.11,1.41-3.14??IQR3?1.72,1.20-2.46??IQR4?1.50,1.12-2.01?,PM_2.5 at IQR2?2.21,1.11-4.40?.3.Studies have shown that the statistical relationship between ambient air pollution and preterm birth is related to pregnancy complications such as IVF,gestational diabetes,anemia,and hypothyroidism,and is of important empirical value in understanding the association between urban air pollution and birth outcomes.Correlation analysis of risk of premature birth and pollutant exposure showed that the pollutant exposure concentration in the case group was higher than that in the control group and the difference was statistically significant.The logistic adjusted model showed that the pollutants?OR,95%CI?with positive correlation with PTB were:in 1^st trimester,NO₂ at IQR2?1.33,1.10-1.61??IQR4?1.19,1.05-1.35?;in 2^nd trimester,O₃ at IQR2?1.59,1.24-2.04??IQR3?1.45,1.24-1.70??IQR4?1.37,1.21-1.54?,PM₁₀0 at IQR2?1.41,1.15-1.72??IQR3?1.29,1.08-1.53?,PM_2.5.5 at IQR2?1.42,1.09-1.85?;in 3^rd trimester,NO₂ at IQR2?1.66,1.34-2.06?,O₃ at IQR2?1.38,1.11-1.71??IQR3?1.71,1.50-1.94?;for entire trimester,O₃ at IQR2?6.00,4.53-7.94?,NO₂ at IQR2?5.28,3.82-7.30??IQR3?2.21,1.64-2.99?,PM₁₀0 at IQR4?1.95,1.61-2.36?,SO₂ at IQR2?1.31,1.03-1.68??IQR4?1.32,1.13-1.55?4.The study found that there was a significant correlation between exposure to O₃ and NO₂ during pregnancy and the risk of fetal malformation after controlling for gestational complications and other risk factors.Compared with other seasons,the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the spring are higher,and the early pregnancy is the sensitive period with the highest risk of CA.Exposure to NO₂ and PM_2.5 during the second trimester may increase the risk of developing CA.Pregnancy comorbidities such as gestational diabetes,preeclampsia,hyperthyroidism and premature rupture of membranes are significantly associated with CA risk,and with the prolongation of pregnancy,the effect gradually disappears.This study provides evidence of O₃,NO₂,and PM_2.5 exposure and CA risk in early pregnancy,and has accumulated important basic data for the study of association between air pollution and birth defects.5.The analysis results of the correlation between gestational diabetes and pollutant exposure showed that age,oligohydramnios,anemia,hypothyroidism and other gestational complications,meteorological factors such as total days of pregnancy,season,temperature,humidity and visibility were all related to the incidence of gestational diabetes Statistically significant.The results of the logistic regression of GDM and IQRs of each pollutant in each trimester after adjusted the risk factors,in which IQR1 was set as reference equals 1.For the entire pregnancy,SO₂ at IQR4?1.467,1.227-1.754?,CO at IQR4?1.494,1.157-1.93?,and O₃ at IQR2?1.691,1.225-2.334?,IQR3?1.286,1.025-1.614?,IQR4?1.213,1.001-1.469?,respectively.The analysis of the correlation between preeclampsia and pollutant exposure showed that oligohydramnios,anemia,and age were statistically significant,which was less affected by complications during pregnancy and meteorological factors.The adjusted model shows that there are contaminants?OR,95%CI?that have a positive correlation with preeclampsia are in 1^st trimester,NO₂ at IQR3?1.366,1.062-1.758?and IQR4?1.347,1.064-1.705?,In 2^nd trimester PM₁₀ at IQR3?1.55,1.137-2.114?,and In 3^rd trimester NO₂ at IQR4?1.343,1.124-1.606?.This shows that preeclampsia is mainly affected by the NO₂ and PM₁₀,and concentration in a higher exposure concentration range will significantly increase its risk of onset.