| The three-dimensional superstructures assembled from inorganic nanoparticles not only retain the nano-effect of individual nanoparticles,but also possess the properties of photon,thermo and magnetism induced by the overall structure.Optimized spatial structures are the key for excellent performance of functional materials with superstructures.However,most of assembly methods are applied to assemble nanosized building blocks into simple geometries?planes,spheres,and rods/wires?rather than complex 3D superstructures.In addition,the area of assemblies is too small to be used in practical applications.Therefore,assembling nanoparticles into a variety of large-area superstructures is critical yet challenging for constructing materials with specific functions.After millions of years of natural selection,the biological fine structures from nature have evolved into diverse,multi-dimensional unique and complex structures with special functions.Therefore,assembly using natural fine biostructures as templates is an effective method to construct novel three-dimensional complex superstructures.In this paper,photon functional materials with different morphologies have been assembled from nanospheres,nanorods,and nanostars using butterfly wings with a variety of photonic crystal structures as templates.Combining experimental research with finite element method simulation,the relationship between their photo-responsive properties and superstructure as well as their application in sensors and photothermal conversion have been studied.The main contents are as follows:?1?Using various butterfly wings as templates,the nanoparticles of different shapes and different compositions in the colloid were assembled into wing photonic crystal superstructures.This was achieved by introducing steric hindrance to the adjustment of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding.Simultaneously,the assembling mechanism was studied in detail.This study provides a general method for the assembly of three-dimensional superstructures and for the synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials.?2?The three-dimensional Au nanostar assemblies were synthesized using E.mulciber butterfly wings as templates.Their surface enhanced Raman performance is significantly higher than that of commercial substrates Q-SERS and Au nanosphere assemblies.The Raman intensity(1506 cm-1)of Rhodamine 6G on the Au nanostar assemblies was 4.4,3.9,and 48 times that on Q-SERS under 532,633,and 780 nm excitation,respectively.This work provides a reference for the design and synthesis of3D superstructures as“all-excited”SERS substrates with high stability and high sensitivity.?3?Using the E.mulciber forewings as templates,the Au three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized via electroless plating.The Au nanostructures replicated from butterfly wings were highly stable and SERS sensitive.Carcinoembryonic antigen?CEA?was specifically recognized using the Au butterfly wings as SERS substrates and combining rhodamine green labeled aptamer with carcinoembryonic antigen antibody?anti-CEA?.This method overcomed the weak Raman signal of tumor markers and low specificity,and greatly improved the specificity and sensitivity of SERS analysis of CEA in the blood.Clinical blood samples from cancer patients at different stages have been successfully analyzed.Therefore,the SERS platform are expected to be used for early screening of cancer.?4?The inverted V-shaped ridge/nanohole array superstructures were assembled from Au nanospheres and Au nanostars using the P.paris butterfly forewings absorbing light as templates.The absorption in the near-infrared region is significantly enhanced compared to the original butterfly wings,and nanostar assemblies exhibited stronger absorption than nanosphere assemblies throughout the whole solar spectrum 250-2500nm.In the solar evaporation under one-sun irradiation,the photothermal evaporation efficiencies of Au nanostar assemblies and Au nanosphere assemblies were 83.3%and68.6%,respectively.Finite elemental method simulations indicated that the broadband absorption is dependent on hybridization of localized surface plasma mode of continuous assembled Au nanoparticles,as well as the photonic crystal structures consisting of inverted V-shaped ridges transferring light and disordered nanopore arrays trapping light.This work would inspire the design and assembly of nanophotonic structures and devices for solar energy conversion.Inspired from the fine biostructures in nature,Au nanoparticles were assembled into different photonic crystal superstructures using E.mulciber,P.paris and Morph butterfly wings as templates in this paper.The superstructures have successfully been applied for SERS analysis and efficient photothermal conversion.And,the interaction mechanism during photon,surface plasmon,and thermo in the nanoparticle assemblies with biostructures has been revealed.So the study here provides a scientific basis for the design and synthesis of novel nanophotonic structures and devices. |
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