Research On The Policy Effect Of Energy Conservation And Environmental Protection Expenditure

As a large developing country,the total economic volume of China has continued to grow since the reform and opening up,with comprehensive national strength steadily improving.However,the development of China faces the contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution.The mode of production with high pollution and high energy consumption is undoubtedly the main driving force of economic growth for a long time in the past.At the end of the 20 th century,China gradually realized the disadvantages of extensive economic growth mode,which would cause the exhaustion of resources and environmental pollution,and ultimately affect the sustainable development of economy,so China began the exploration of environmental protection and governance.The government’s interventions on environmental issues include command control policies and economic incentive policies,under the market economy system,it has become a consensus that economic incentive policies can play a greater role in solving environmental problems.At present,economic incentive policies of China include energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy and environmental tax policy.Based on the role of the government’s energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy in solving the contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution,this paper researches a series of problems related to the economic effect and emission reduction effect of the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy,in order to provide theoretical and empirical support for the formulation and implementation of the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy in China.Specifically,this paper first tests the economic effect and emission reduction effect of the government’s energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy,and then explores the heterogeneity of the economic effect of the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy and the spatial spillover of its emission reduction effect.Finally,it introduces the environmental tax policy as a supporting policy tool of the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure,and the comprehensive effect of two kinds of economic incentive policies on green growth is studied.The main research contents and basic conclusions are as follows:Firstly,based on the perspective of recessive economy,the economic effect and emission reduction effect of government’s energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy on economic growth and environmental pollution control are investigated.This paper constructs a theoretical model of production department,which includes recessive economic department and official economic department,and then the quantile regression model is used to test the economic effect and emission reduction effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy of China.The results show that: the expenditure of energy conservation and environmental protection has a significant negative economic effect,but the effect weakens with the improvement of economic development,the scale of recessive economy strengthens the negative economic effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure,and the negative economic effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure lags behind.Energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure has a significant positive emission reduction effect,which weakens with the aggravation of environmental pollution.Meanwhile,with the gradual enhancement of environmental pollution,the impact of recessive economic scale on the emission reduction effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure gradually changes from weakening to strengthening.Generally speaking,the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure based on recessive economic perspective has negative economic effect and positive emission reduction effect.So energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy can reduce environmental pollution,but it is not conducive to economic growth.Secondly,to separate the recessive economy,based on the economic effect of the government’s energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy,to explore the reasons for the differences in its economic effect.In this paper,the economic growth model including environmental protection department and actual production department is constructed to deduce the economic effect path and multiple equilibrium existence of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy,and on this basis,the paper uses Chinese provincial panel data to test the threshold effect of FDI and factor endowment structure on the economic effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy.The results show that: the economic effect of the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure also lags behind,but different from the conclusion of the economic effect of the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure from the perspective of the recessive economy,the energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure can play a positive economic effect by stripping the recessive economic scale.FDI and factor endowment structure have significant threshold effects on the economic effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure.When the threshold value is lower,the economic effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure will play a smaller role,and when the threshold value is higher,the economic effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure will play a greater role.Thirdly,based on the spatial correlation of environmental issues,this paper explores the spatial spillover of the emission reduction effect of energy conservation and environmental protection policy.This paper constructs a spatial diffusion model including two economies with different levels of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policies,and makes a theoretical research on the spatial impact of emission reduction effects between regions with different energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policies.At the same time,it conducts a spatial econometric empirical to test the emission reduction effects of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policies of China.The results show that the environmental pollution index of China with geographical adjacency weight shows positive spatial correlation,and the environmental pollution problem is agglomeration.The energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure of China considering spatial factors has no significant emission reduction effect as a whole.The energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure of a province,autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government have significant emission reduction effect on itself,but the spatial spillover effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure of other neighboring provinces will lead to the aggravation of environmental pollution.This is because the provinces with strong policy support for energy conservation and environmental protection have the attraction of environmental protection industry,which can make the green production enterprises in the neighboring provinces with similar geographical conditions and factor endowments transfer to the province.At the same time,the development space of traditional pollution enterprises is occupied,which will be transferred to the provinces with less policy support for energy conservation and environmental protection.The transfer of green production enterprises and traditional pollution enterprises between provinces directly leads to the differences in green technology research and innovation,and finally causes the transfer of environmental pollution among provinces due to the differences in energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policies.However,it is undeniable that the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure on emission reduction does exist,the enhancement of environmental pollution degree through indirect spatial spillover effects are only established between geographically adjacent provinces.Fourthly,on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical test of the economic effect and emission reduction effect of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy,the green growth effect of the combination of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy and environmental tax policy is explored.In this paper,through the two-stage Cournot competition equilibrium game model,the impact of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy and environmental tax policy on economic growth and environmental pollution is analyzed theoretically and empirically.And then the green total factor productivity which can reflect the economic growth and environmental pollution governance is constructed,and the effect of policy combination of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and environmental tax on green total factor productivity is empirically tested.It is concluded that energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure can promote green growth and environmental tax is not conducive to green growth.However,due to the negative impact of environmental tax on green total factor productivity,the combination of the two policies leads to the weakening of the positive impact of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure policy on green total factor productivity.