Modeling The Effect Of Air Quality On Chinese People's Livelihood Development

With the socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era,China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage.Improving people's livelihood is not only the key to high-quality development,but also the fundamental purpose of high-quality development.At the same time,it is also a guarantee to promote high-quality development with strong and sustained momentum.The Chinese central government attaches great importance to the issue of people's livelihood.In the report of the 19^th CPC National Congress,it is clearly stated that it is necessary to"improve security and improve people's livelihood,and strengthen and innovate social governance".However,in the past few decades,with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,the extensive and rapid growth of China's economy has exerted tremendous pressure on resources and the environment,which has brought about serious air quality deterioration problems,and has also formed a severe situation for the development of people's livelihood.These problems are not only the main constraints to meet the people's growing needs for a better life,but also to the high-quality development of the social economy.In fact,people's livelihood development has a wide range of connotation,but it comes down to three core issues of health,poverty and happiness.Among them,the protection of people's health status,the promotion of people's health equity,the elimination of poverty,and the improvement of happiness is the basis,indemnification,target and driving force of people's livelihood development,respectively.However,the deterioration of air quality not only causes serious damage to the environment,but also seriously endangers the public's physical and mental health.At the same time,it has also increased the medical costs of society,causing huge losses to the economy,forming certain obstacles to the realization of comprehensive poverty alleviation,and significantly reducing happiness.Therefore,the central government regards pollution prevention and control as the core task of the three major battles of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.This paper focuses on four aspects of protecting people's health,identifying key environmental risks,eliminating poverty and improving happiness.It explores the impact mechanism of air quality on people's livelihood development and promotes the supply of high-quality people's livelihood with high-quality development.Firstly,air pollution and its health hazards are becoming more and more serious,and individual health status is not only affected by the environment,but also related to its own individual characteristics and socioeconomic status.This paper con structs a hierarchical linear model using nested data of three levels:individual,family and village,and discusses whether there are individual differences in the health effects of air pollution from the micro and macro perspectives.The research in this paper shows that:?1?The health effects of air pollution have individual differences,of which about15.51%are from the family level,and about 9.11%are from the village level;?2?Men's average health is better than women's,and air pollution reduces the health differences caused by gender.Particularly,men are more susceptible to air pollution when faced with the same level of air pollution exposure;?3?Smoking and drinking harm the health of individuals,and air pollution can increase the health ri sks of smoking and drinking.Secondly,air pollution is the most important environmental risk to health,and its inequality in different regions is becoming more serious.In order to promote people's health equity and identify the key environmental risks what lead to health inequality,this paper measures the air pollution inequality by using about 9.2 million air quality real-time monitoring data and measures health inequality by using about 220,000residents'medical expenditure data.On this basis,the coupling and coordination of the two are analyzed,and the"primary unequal pollutants"are defined and identified.The research shows that:?1?The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has the strongest air pollution inequality,and its dynamic variat ion law in different months shows the most obvious"U-shaped"distribution characteristics,that is,the winter is relatively high and the summer is relatively low;?2?The degree of health inequality of residents in eastern China is relatively more obvious,followed by the northeast,the west and the middle are relatively weak,and the overall characteristics of urban is greater than rural,male is greater than female;?3?Under the definition of primary unequal pollutants,the most important pollutant leading to people's health inequality is SO₂,followed by NO₂.Thirdly,in the context of precision poverty alleviation,this paper constructs a multidimensional poverty standard suitable for China's poverty status and poverty reduction needs from a multidimensional perspective,and focuses on the impact of air quality on multidimensional poverty.The results show that:?1?Nation ally,the Chinese Family Multidimensional Poverty Index?CFMPI?is about 0.021,and the multidimensional poverty incidence rate is about 4.4%.In terms of the severity of multidimensional poverty in different regions and their contribution to the whole country,it shows the characteristics of rural>urban,western>central>eastern;?2?Whether it is for the whole country,or in different regions such as urban and rural,or the eastern,central and western,air quality is always the most important factor leading to multidimensional poverty.Moreover,in terms of the degree to which air quality affects multidimensional poverty in different regions,it shows the characteristics of urban>rural,eastern>central>western;?3?The influence of outdoor air quality on multidimensional poverty in urban areas is greater than that of rural areas,and the impact on the eastern areas is great er than that in the central and western regions.The indoor air quality is just the opposite.Finally,the city has made great achievements in economic construction,but at the same time,people's perception of happiness is no longer resting on the stabili ty of material life.In order to seek the best path to build a happy city,this paper constructs an objective happiness index based on social and economic indicators at the city level to describe urban happiness,and then establishes a spatial econometric model to explore the influencing factors of urban happiness from three dimensions of society,economy and environment.The results show that:?1?Whether it is carbon dioxide emissions or PM_2.5 concentrations,there is a significant negative correlation be tween them and the urban objective happiness index,which indicates that the deterioration of air quality will significantly reduce urban happiness;?2?The relationship between per capita GDP and urban happiness satisfies the"Easterlin Paradox".That is,with the increase of per capita GDP,urban happiness will increase significantly,but when per capita GDP reaches a certain level,urban happiness will no longer increase but decline;?3?Industrial structure and employment rate will also significantly af fect urban happiness.In particular,the increase in the proportion of the tertiary industry and the increase in the proportion of the employed population will significantly improve the urban happiness.In general,this paper focuses on the three core issues of health,poverty and happiness involved in people's livelihood development,based on the four main tasks and objectives in the new eras of protecting people's health status,promoting people's health equity,eliminating poverty and improving urban hap piness;then systematically explores the mechanism of the effect of air quality on Chinese people's livelihood development,with a view to finding the best path to improve people's livelihood.