Integrated Energy System Modelling With High Share Of Variable Renewable Energy Sources By Incorporating Incorporating Energy Storages And Demand Response

Human needs different forms of energy like electricity,heat and Natural Gas?Ngas?for daily-life activities.Two mostly used energy carriers?electricity and heat?are produced by fossil fuel sources that contributes to most of the global warming issue.These sources are becoming rare and expensive due to geological extinction and climate change.It urges the need for less carbon-intensive,inexhaustible Renewable Energy Sources?RES?that are economically sound,easy to access and improve public health.The carbon-free salient feature is the driving motive that propels widespread utilization of wind and solar RES in comparison to rest of RES.However,stochastic nature makes these sources,Variable Renewable Energy Sources?VRES?because it brings uncertainty and variability that disrupt power system stability.This research began by adding Energy Storage?ES?and Demand Response?DR?in the electricity network of China to integrate maximum share of VRES by identifying least fuel consuming options while maintaining Critical Excess Electricity Production?CEEP?to zero.Electricity and heat energy carriers are conventionally operated independently which suffers with low efficiency issue due to heat losses during the conversion process.Therefore,the coupling of Multiple Energy Carriers?MEC?is vital to address aforementioned issue which is supported by the latest technologies like Combined Heat and Power?CHP?,heat pumps,DR and ES.These coupling nodes in energy hubs stimulate the conversion of the electric power system into the Integrated Energy System?IES?that proves to be cost-effective,flexible and carbon-free.Therefore,the next stage of this work proposes Smart Energy Hub?SEH?approach to model electricity,district and individual heating IES of China for the year 2020 by employing energy system analysis tool,Energy PLAN.Technical simulation strategy is conducted for optimal operation of production components by adding HP,Thermal Energy Storage?TES?and DR to minimize annual costs,fuel consumption and CO₂emissions.Moreover,individual heating infrastructure is explored more in the later phase of this research by replacing conventional coal and Ngas boilers with individual heating alternative sources like hydrogen operated Micro-CHP?M-CHP?,Ngas M-CHP and heat pumps.Rockbed storage,single and double penstock Pumped Hydro Storage?PHS?are added in the IES of China for 2030 to cope with the stochastic nature of VRES while evaluating the optimal combination of energy producing components.Though IES is a promising measure to decarbonize the global economy but the fluctuations in fuel and energy prices make it a rigorous task to find out the most cost-effective approach of such system.Hence,in the last part of this research feasibility analysis is conducted for three different fuel prices and socio-economic analysis is performed by investigating market exchange feasibility using Energy PLAN market simulation strategy to attain an economical and sustainable energy supply.To summarize,this work concludes that ES and DR addition in electricity network of China not only increase wind and solar share but also reduces annual costs and emissions.TES and DR addition in IES of China for 2020 significantly enhance the share of VRES while reducing annual costs and fuel.Moreover,heat pump addition in individual heating infrastructure and double penstock PHS addition in electricity network is more economically viable options than other alternatives for IES of China by the year 2030.Finally,market exchange analysis determines socio-economic costs that proves to be socio-economically optimal due to maximum net earnings on energy exports.