Research On Energy Consumption Distribution And Energy-saving Design Of Building Layout In The 3A Hospitals In Cold Regions

"Green development" has always been an important concept of China's development and governance,and reducing building energy consumption has become one of the important contents of green development.As a special public building,the hospital has many features such as complex functions,strict medical technology requirements,intensive personnel,and a large number of medical equipments.The average energy consumption of the hospital buildings is 1.6 to 2 times that of general public buildings.In recent years,the number of hospitals in China has been growing rapidly.According to statistics,the number of national medical and health institutions in 2018 has exceeded the 1 million,an increase of 17,000 from 2017.With the rapid growth and expansion of the number and area of hospitals,energy consumption is also increasing year by year,and the problem is more prominent.Therefore,researches on energy-saving technologies of hospital buildings are of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of hospitals in China.Research on energy saving in hospitals is involved in various fields,and architects can achieve a natural combination between space and climate by controlling the design stage of hospital buildings.Based on the layout design in the hospital plan design,this paper starts the research on the distribution law of energy consumption in the 3A hospitals in cold regions,the relationship between hospital layout factors and energy consumption,and the research on the layout energy-saving measures.First of all,this paper conducts a step-by-step investigation on the 3A hospitals in 3 typical cities in the cold region: Beijing,Jinan and Xi'an.Based on the classification of the hospitals' various levels of layout,the detailed characteristics of the overall layout,the layout of each functional area,and the layout of the departments of the hospitals in the cold areas are summarized.In addition,various energy consumption data of sample hospitals in recent years have been collected through questionnaire surveys and data query of energy consumption monitoring platforms,and has been analyzed to obtain the characteristics of regional distribution and seasonal distribution of hospital building energy consumption in cold regions and the characteristics of the distribution of hospital functional areas.At the same time,the energy consumption data that is highly relevant to the building design is stripped out to correspond to the layout of each functional area of the buildings,and the correlation between the building layout and energy consumption is revealed.Secondly,based on the basic ideas of system theory,the hospital building layout design is gradually graded from macro to micro according to the relevant steps of architectural plan design and medical process design,forming a three-tier layout system for the top three hospitals in cold regions.According to the survey information,this paper identifies influencing factors of hospital building layout on energy consumption,and matches them to the three-level layout of centralized and semi-centralized hospitals respectively,and selects single-factor and multi-factor variables as the later energy consumption simulation in accordance with.Again,after the feasibility assessment and verification,Design Builder was selected as the simulation software.A comprehensive test design method and a method of optimizing the number of screening groups are used to conduct a year-round dynamic energy simulation study on the three-level layout factors of centralized and semi-centralized hospitals.The analysis of variance was used to determine the impact of various layout factors on heating,air conditioning,lighting,and comprehensive energy consumption of the three,and revealed the rule between hospital layout and energy consumption.Finally,on the basis of the simulation results,this paper will further summarize the energy saving rate range of all levels of layout,optimize the selection of all levels the layout of top three hospitals in cold areas,systematically sort out the energy saving strategies of all levels of centralized and semi-centralized hospitals in cold areas,and draw the centralized and semi-central layout legends and energy-saving rate comparison table to guide the energy-saving design of buildings.This paper puts forward the requirements of hierarchical energy conservation for hospital building layout,analyzes the impact of layout factors on energy consumption,and summarizes the scientific conclusions of layout energy-saving design strategies.It provides guidance for the energy-saving design of 3A hospitals in cold areas.This paper also supplements certain skills for the layout parts not specified in the general hospital design standards and public building energy efficiency design standards.