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The Mechanisms Of The Behavior Manipulation For The Extracts From Biological Sources Against Pear Pyslla (Cacopsylla Chinensis Yang And Li) And The Evaluation Of Biological Control

Posted on:2016-07-14Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:B L TianFull Text:PDF
GTID:1363330491952598Subject:Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control
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Pear psylla,Cacopsylla chinensis(Yang and Li)(Hemiptera:Psyllidae)has been one of more important pests of commercial pears in Palearctic and Nearctic Region since it will impact the fruit health and transmitted by them.At present,it is depend on chemical pesticide to control them,and the present of resistance have been reported.In order to reduce its resistance and improve the effect of management,we studied the sex pheromone,honeydew and plant essential oil on pear psylla management.The result as follow:(1)There are significant different selection responses of the male of C.Chinensis when meet different extracts from the whole body females.In the six solvents,the male of C.Chinensis have no attraction to the extracts of methanol,ether and acetone.But there are strong attraction to trichloromethane,n-hexane and n-pentane.The percentages of select to the three extracts are 80.00% 66.00%and 64.00%,respectively.Moreover,the extract of trichloromethane is better than the other two extracts.(2)The analyses of whole body extracts from male and female of C.Chinensis with trichloromethane by GC-MS revealed that the 13-methylheptacosane was largely possible the sex pheromone.In laboratory test,the most male select the 700-800 ng dose of 13-methylheptacosane.A field test showed that the males of C.chinensis were caught by traps with the 10,100,1000 ?g dose of 13-methylheptacosane(103,105 and 114 adults/trap)more than the traps with 1 ?g dose of 13-methylheptacosane(80 adults/trap)and control(32 adults/trap).So it should be selected at the 10-100 ?g doses.(3)The young and older nymphs of C.Chinensis were only significantly attracted to honey drew rather than the leaf and mold.At the same time,the distance will affect the attractiveness,and the percentage of attraction will reduce the numbers of nymphs in a distance-dependent manner.The response rates are 67.86%and 60.82%at 15cm and 25cm after 12h and 74.56%and 63.30%after 24h,respectively.(4)There are 5 plant essential oils were screened from 29 plant essential oils,which have beneficial potential as a source for natural insecticides.They are clove essential oil,garlic oil,perilla leaf oil,rue oil and chenopodium ambrosioides oil.The mortality of them at 1%was>93.33%.The rate of reduction with these oils in field trial were Clove>Perilla leaf>Garlic>Remote lemongrass herb>Wormseed(young nymphs);Wormseed>Clove>Perilla leaf>Garlic>Remote lemongrass herb;Garlic>Clove>Remote lemongrass herb>Perilla leaf>Wormseed.In laboratory,clove essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS.Five compounds,accounting for 99.89%of the total oil,were identified.The principal constituents in clove essential oil were eugenol(88.61%)and eugenol acetate(8.89%)followed by ?-caryophyllene(1.89%),eugenol oil(99.00%)exhibited strong contact toxicity against the C.chinensis with LD50 values of 0.67 ?g/adult and 1.67 ?g/nymph,respectively,which are similar with the clove essential oil against the C.Chinensis with LD50 values of 0.73 ?g/adult and 1.79 ?g/nymph.So it indicates that eugenol is a major constituent in clove essential oil in all places.(5)The pH values of soils didn't change after treated with clove essential oil,always kept at 7.3-7.7.The relative abundance of nematodes of treating with clove essential oil was no significantly different from the control,the dominant contain bacteria nematodes:Rhabditis,Diploscapter,Acrobeloides,Eucephalobus followed with the Fungus nematodes:Aphelenchus and herbal nematodes:Tylenchus.The microorganism populations in soil have changed after treated with clove essential oil,but it is similar with the control soil.
Keywords/Search Tags:Cacopsylla ehinensis, pheromone, bio-control, plant essential oil, soil microorganism
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