Research On The Evaluation And Improvement Of Urban Forests Function In Beijing From The Perspective Of Citizens

The 21st century is known as the "city century",with the rapid development of urban society and economy in China,the demand of citizens for ecological environment has been increasing,and the governments at all levels have given a higher position to the construction of urban ecological environment.Especially in the context of the deepening of urbanization,the continuous promotion of ecological civilization and the introduction of people-oriented urban development goals and plans,it has become an important strategic issue to achieve the coordinated development of urban people and nature.As the main body of urban ecosystem and the important organic components of modern cities,urban forest plays an important role in the process of urban ecological environment improvement and sustainable development.However,there is still some contradiction between the increasing demand for ecological environment and the ability of urban forests to provide ecological environment services.One of the important reasons is that the functions of urban forests have not been brought into full play.How to improve the function level of urban forests to enhance the level of urban ecological environment construction and meet the ecological environment needs of the public has become an objective and very important issue.At the same time,the concept of urban forest function from the perspective of citizens has strong subjectivity.The feedback and judgment of citizens are very important and basic analysis perspectives.The perception,utilization behavior and preference needs of citizens all belong to the category of related research on urban forest function.In the new urban development needs,the relevant research is also trying to shift the research vision from focusing on "things" to "people".The research object has shifted from macro-urban development analysis to micro-urban subject analysis.The service object of the research results has shifted from focusing on government agencies and enterprises to focusing on individual citizens.Based on this understanding,this study intends to scientifically evaluate and analyze the urban forests function of Beijing from the perspective of citizens,and finally put forward countermeasures and suggestions.Based on the support of related research topics,six core urban areas(i.e.Dongcheng District,Xicheng District,Chaoyang District,Fengtai District,Shijingshan District and Haidian District)in Beijing were selected as the study areas.A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2015 to November 2017 for three consecutive years,and 2975 valid questionnaires were finally obtained.On the basis of the data obtained from the field survey,the research method was determined according to the research ideas and contents,and the following contents were emphasized:(1)Four typical types of urban forests functions were extracted from the existing research results and the actual situation of Beijing.Firstly,the importance of each function was analyzed by entropy method.Secondly,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the overall level of each function.Finally,the differences of each function under different characteristics of citizens are discussed.(2)The multi-dimensional perception of urban forests by citizens was analyzed,and the perception evaluation and difference of urban forests functional elements were further discussed by using semantic difference method.(3)The mode,degree and influencing factors of urban forests participation were analyzed,Structural Equation Model(SEM)was used to explore the mediating effect mechanism of perceived value on citizens'willingness and the internal mechanism of citizens' willingness to change to actual behavior.(4)The urban forests function preference and demand of the citizens were analyzed.Conditional value evaluation method,selective experiment method and multiple regression analysis method were used to analyze the general preference demand,attribute preference demand and pattern preference demand of urban forests function.(5)Systematically combing the existing laws and policies related to urban forests,and based on the perception and participation of citizens in the existing legal system and management policies,this paper analyzes the policy impact of urban forests function by using the method of seemingly unrelated regression.(6)According to the conclusions of this study,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve urban forests function from four aspects:adjustment,perfection,innovation and guarantee.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:Firstly,as far as the function level of urban forests is concerned,the function of urban forests in Beijing is generally in the lower middle level,especially the educational and cultural level is relatively low.Therefore,it is necessary to adjust the structure and development mode of urban forests resources on the one hand,alleviate the pressure of densely populated urban areas on urban forests function,on the other hand,highlight the characteristics of urban forests function in Beijing,and upgrade the level of urban forests function such as educational and cultural function.Secondly,as far as the multi-dimensional perception of urban forests function is concerned,the public perception of urban forests function in Beijing mainly concentrates on physical exercise and recreation,while the negative perception of illegal touch and lawn trampling is common.Citizens'perception of the functional elements of urban forests is mainly reflected in the aspects of high sense of security,orderly layout and bright colors.Citizens' perception of the spatial sense,orderliness and greening facilities of urban forests is the most profound.Citizens'perception is also different because of gender,age and educational level.The improvement of urban forests function needs to pay attention to the above situation.Thirdly,as far as the public participation in urban forests is concerned,the urban forests in Beijing is gradually diversified and accessible,but the use frequency is not high,and the public needs are not fully met.In addition,people's positive perception and judgment of urban forests function can enhance their willingness to act,but the extent of their willingness to change to actual behavior is not high enough.The next step is to do a good job in the propaganda and popularization of urban forests,so as to clarify the mechanism,purpose and multiple functions of urban forests,and enhance the public's willingness to participate in the use of urban forests.Fourthly,as far as the public preference demand of urban forests function is concerned,it is necessary to plan the urban forests function structure and innovate the urban forests function content from the new changes and characteristics of the public preference demand in order to enhance the applicability of urban forests.For example,urban forests needs to be constructed in order to realize the coupling of urban ecological benefits and social benefits,and to integrate natural elements as much as possible while ensuring that urban forests performs its social service functions;and similarly,it is also necessary to establish an "external natural,internal modern" layout of urban forests to meet the needs of the public,and to promote the function of urban forests to better play.Fifth,as far as urban forests-related policies are concerned,China's national and local laws and policies on urban forests have provided favorable support for the development of urban forests in Beijing.Urban forests-related policies will also have a variety of impacts on its function through public perception and participation.In the future,we need to continue to improve the existing policy and system,focusing on urban forests management,public participation and supervision,illegal responsibility and punishment.To sum up,this study makes a scientific evaluation and systematic analysis of the functions of urban forests from the perspective of citizens,which provides a new research perspective and ideas for the discussion of related issues.It also makes an empirical study and exploration of the value theory of ecological service function,the theory of environmental public goods and the theory of public participation.At the same time,this study combines the general analysis method with the statistical and econometric methods based on empirical analysis,which enriches the empirical analysis links of the existing research and enhances the scientific nature of the research,and has important academic significance.On the other hand,this study scientifically evaluates and analyzes the urban forests function of Beijing from the perspective of citizens,and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the urban forests function,which caters to the actual needs of Beijing and regional transformation and development,and provides a new way for the urban forest's construction of other cities and regions in China,which has important practical significance.