Classification And Recognition On Scarabaeoidea Based On Digital Morphological Characteristicistic

Most species of Scarabaeoidea have great economic and ecological significance in natural ecosystem.It is very important to identify the species correctly.The traditional classification method is based on the shape of mouthpiece,antennae and lateral protruding of positive.recognite correctly requires professional knowledge and long-term accumulation of experience,and the identification work is time-consuming and subjective.The molecular technique and morphological measurement technology can be used to classify and identify the tortoise accurately,but the molecular technology requires higher technical level and experimental equipment.The morphological measurement method focuses on the comparison of the shape itself.It is a powerful tool for screening fast and simple insect taxonomic features and methods.Using computer image processing technology,the collected images of pronotum,scutellum and hind wing of Scarabaeoidea was analyzed digitally.Meanwhile,we discussed the feasibility and reliability of digital semi automatic identification through the application of mathematical morphometry and geometric morphometry.From the aspect of mathematical morphometry,first,images of pronotum,scutellum and hind wings of 33 kinds of Scarabaeoidea were taken.Then,these images were processed with gradation,threshold segmentation and smoothing denoising.Bugshape1.0 software was used to extract 12 morphological features from the binary image.Variance analysis and discriminant analysis were used to screen mathematical morphological features of classification and discrimination.As for Geometric morphometric methods,coordinate data-9 landmarkers of pronotum,8 landmarks of scutellum and 15 landmarkers of hind wing were used to get line chart of 3 parts of Scarabaeoidae.Moreover,eliminating the influence of non-shape factors after Procrustes superimosition,we obtained the mark point line chart and coordinate data.The SPSS software were used for variance and discriminant analysis,screening the marked point eigenvalues which were used for classification and identification of Scarabaeoidae.The main results are as follows:(1)We obtained the images of the pronotum,scutellum and hind wing,and used Bugshape1.0 software to extract 12 math morphological features for variance analysis,including eccentrition,compactness and leaf.There are significantly difference among 12 math morphological features of pronotum and scutellum and 10 math mrophological features of hind wing(P<0.01).The results showed that these math morphological features could be used for classification and determination of the Scarabaeoidae.(2)Discriminant analysis with morphological characteristicistics of scutellum of thirty-three kinds of Scarabaeoidea,9 math morphological features of scutellum screened were used to establish 4 discriminant function,and the discriminant accuracy was 63.6% overall.Discriminant analysis with morphological characteristicistics of pronotum of thirty-three Scarabaeoidea,9 math mrophological features of hind wing were used to establish 4 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 64.2%.Discriminant analysis with 12 morphological characteristicistics of pronotum,9 math morphological features of pronotum collected were used to establish 3 discriminant functions,the discriminant accuracy was 63.0%.(3)In discriminant analysis with morphological characteristicistics of pronotum and scutellum,9 mathematical morphological eigenvalues of pronotum and scutellum were used to establish 5 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 84.5%.In discriminant analysis with morphological characteristicistics of pronotum and hind wing of 33 Scarabaeoidea,9 mathematical morphological eigenvalues of pronotum and hind wing were used to establish 5 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 85.6%.In discriminant analysis with morphological characteristicistics of scutellum and hind wing,9 mathematical morphological eigenvalues of scutellum and hind wing were used to establish 6 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 85.0%.In discriminant analysis with morphological characteristicistics of pronotum,scutellum and membranous of Scarabaeoidea,9 mathematical morphological eigenvalues of pronotum scutellum and hind wing were used to establish 7 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 92.7%.(4)We selected 9 landmarks of pronotum,each landmarker with 1 coordinates and attained 18 sets of data totally.In order to eliminate the influence of non shape factors after Procrustes superimosition,16 landmarkers point coordinate data were used to establish 2 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 96.2%.(5)We selected 8 landmarks of scutellum,each landmarker with 1 coordinates,and attained total of 16 sets of data.In order to eliminate the influence of non shape factors after Procrustes superimosition,14 landmarkers point coordinate data were used to establish 2 discriminant function,the discriminant accuracy was 99.2%.(6)We selected 15 landmarks of hind wing,each landmarker with 1 coordinates,and got total of 30 sets of data.In order to eliminate the influence of non shape factors after Procrustes superimosition,28 landmarkers point coordinate data were used to establish 2 discriminant functions,and the discriminant accuracy was 100.0%.