Influencing Factors And Biomarkers Of Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in the urban elderly population over 60 years old and to search for neuropsychological tests and peripheral biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD.Methods: This study was conducted in 8 cities(Shanghai,Beijing,Hangzhou,Ningbo,Nanchang,Ji’an,Hefei,Xi’an)of China between 2011.6.1-2016.6.31.A total of 2248 elderly people over the age of 60 were taken as our research objects.Their general demographic data and daily life habits data were obtained by standardized questionnaires.And all of them also underwent a clinical evaluation and some neuropsychological tests.Based on the results of the assessment,the prevelance and influencing factors of AD were calculated;The mini mental state examination(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment scale(Mo CA)and neuropsychological test battery(NTB)were taken as the assessment tool,then we compared the cognitive status among amnestic MCI(a MCI),normal controls(NC)and successful aging(SA);By using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),we found there were differences in the concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 6(BMP6)and Noggin among the AD group,a MCI group and NC group.Results: Of the 2248 people,93 were diagnosed with AD,and the prevalence of AD was 4.1%.Advanced age(p=0.000,OR=1.098),subjective memory decline(p=0.047,OR=3.360),memory complaints,preferably corroborated by a spouse or relative(p=0.024,OR=0.198)and decreased the ability of daily life(p= 0.037,OR=2.037)were risk factors for AD;while education(p=0.000,OR=0.869,)and hobby(p=0.030,OR=0.565)were protective factors for AD;There was statistical difference in the score of MMSE,Mo CA and NTB between the groups of a MCI and NC;Compared to the NC group,the SA group got a higher score in the test of associative learning;The covariance analysis results showed that the concentrations of BMP6 protein in normal group and a MCI group was significantly higher than that in AD group,but there was no difference between the normal group and the a MCI group;There was no difference in concentrations of noggin among the normal group,aMCI group and AD group,however,the results of correlation analysis showed that MMSE scores were correlated with noggin.Conclusions: The prevalence of AD in urban population was 4.1%.Advanced age,women,subjective cognitive decline,insiders reflect patients with memory decline and decreased the ability of daily life are risk factors for AD,while education and hobby are protective factors for AD;Cognitive impairment in a MCI patients is not confined to memory impairment and language function;Compared with NC,SA has a better episodic memory and associative memory;BMP6 and noggin might be developed as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD.