Research Of LinGui Ci School And Late Qing Society

Lingui Ci School which was raised in late Qing dynasty was the last classical Ci school in the Chinese ancient literature.They were constantly seeking after novelty and reformation.The most distinctive characteristics of Lingui Ci School was the social identity of their members.They were classmates or colleagues,all passed the imperial civil examination,had deep feelings and close relationships.They communicated in every aspect of social life,and frequent cocktail party for poets promoted the prosperity of ci creation.They supervised the government's administrative activity,impeached malfeasance officers,played individually or in joint letters,wielded enormous political energy in late Qing dynasty.That was why they were gathering,and this led them to form roughly the same ideas and propositions in their thoughts.The world was becoming more and more popular with the west,they tried to explore and practice in politics,economics,culture,education,military and borderland studies with the principle of Chinese style Westernization,in many fields,they have advanced ideas,for instance,Wang Pengyun was the first bureaucrat to suggest to set up a business bureau;Wen Tingshi and Shen Zengzhi were famous in borderland study,their study kicked off the study of Chinese and western transportation history;Miao Quansun was the pioneer of modern Chinese library;Cheng Chang was involved in writing about the diplomatic history of the Qing dynasty,that was the first time that the history of Chinese and foreign relations had been included in the official history;Yun Yuding presided over the editing of National political examination,that was the first time that the world history had been included in the officially compiled history,Zeng Xijing co-founded China's first government-run banknote-printing factory with modern equipment.They also conducted high-level academic exchanges with western scholars and forged deep friendship with each other.In the period of reform movement,they put forward their own ideas in politics,economy,culture and education,participated in the establishment of the society for strengthening China and promoted the reform movement,they were actively engaged in the flood of thought liberation.The Zhicun poetry club were influenced by politics,with many members and frequent activities.In the administrative reform period,Lingui Ci School explored a new model of the combination of newspaper and censor,which had influenced public opinion and promoted the transformation of traditional newspaper industry.As the traditional scholar,their hearts and minds are integrated into the ci poets,embodied a complex creation psychology.In the anti-invasion wars of late Qing dynasty,Lingui ci school were against capitulation,put forward the suggestions for strengthening coastal defence and the idea of protracted war.The ci poets of this period were rich in content,their creation style was formed at this time.In the Gengzi incident,they adcocated the suppression of the boxers,warning that china would be divided among the nations.Some of the members of Lingui Ci School were going west followed the empire,some of them were stuck in Beijing city,some of them promoted the success of Mutual Protection of the Southeast.Gengzi Qiu ci was generous,plain and a true record of journey of heart with contradiction,sorrow,depression and disillusionment.Lingui Ci School was the last classical Ci school in the Chinese ancient literature.They were constantly seeking after novelty and reformation.Times had given them special qualities,their political position,creation of ci,thoughts of ci were very complicated.We study Lingui Ci School as a whole,try to show their historical style more fully.