The Asymmetry Of Ethic Evaluation

This paper centers on ethic evaluation and its asymmetry,integrating academic achievement from home and abroad such as meta-ethics,normative ethics and virtue ethics.Firstly,the concepts are analyzed;then the reason for ethic evaluation and its asymmetry is clarified;lastly a comprehensive evaluation is conducted from varied dimensions and levels so as to prevent people from falling into the pitfalls of ethic relativism and absolutism,and to arrive at reasonable evaluation.The second chapter "the academic interpretation of ethic evaluation and its asymmetry"illustrates the reason why the ethic evaluation is asymmetric.Ethic evaluation has long been one of the critical domains of Ethics which centers on the evaluation of "right" and the"wrong",the "good" and the "evil".Numerous opinions and genres have come into being focusing on the objective,standard and methods of ethic evaluation,which had led to restless ideological controversies.From the view of domestic ethics community,one of the typical opinion on ethic evaluation is "according to certain social class standard,people living in community have their own judgment of the right and wrong of their behavior and other people’s behavior,and demonstrate their attitude.There are mainly three aspects of ethic evaluation:the first one being the judge himself,i.e.,the one who makes the ethic evaluation;the second one being the objective,i.e.,what are the contents of ethic evaluation;the third one being the standard and method of evaluation,i.e.,the rules regulating the evaluation.The ethic evaluation has its own unique characters:the first one is diversity;the second one is universality;the third one is non-procedure which is differentiated from scientific assessment;the forth one is non-strict.The above indicates such characteristics of ethic evaluation as diversity,easy-manipulation and universality,and they bring asymmetry of the evaluation.In specific evaluation,they are divided into ethic evaluation in subject and ethic evaluation in objective by the relationship between judge and the object.In subject ethic evaluation,the judge uses his own personality or behavior as object.In objective ethic evaluation,the judge makes evaluation on other people,group,community and even society as a whole,with an aim to influence,guide and regulate other people’s behavior and their tendency in morality.Besides,related to ethic evaluation,its asymmetry refers to "no matter what is the foundation of result of ethic evaluation,evaluator,evaluation object or evaluation standard,it will all lead to the holistic asymmetry of ethic evaluation on account of the asymmetry of self and others,the asymmetry of motivation and effect and the asymmetry of emotion and reason.Asymmetry of ethic evaluation can be classified into ethical evaluation asymmetry based on ethical evaluation subject,ethical evaluation asymmetry based on ethical evaluation object and ethical evaluation asymmetry based on ethical evaluation standard.Meanwhile,the second chapter particularly points out that "asymmetry of ethic evaluation is by no means equivalent to ethic relativism or ethic absolutism".This is an important point emphasized throughout the article" asymmetry of ethic evaluation is equivalent to neither ethic relativism nor ethic absolutism,however,people in real life often confuse asymmetry of ethic evaluation with ethic relativism.To fully understand the asymmetry of ethic evaluation,it is necessary to distinguish it from ethic absolutism and relativism.The main distinctions between the asymmetry of ethic evaluation and ethic absolutism are whether it is unique or not,whether it is controversial or not and whether it has specific difference.And the main differences between the asymmetry of ethic evaluation and ethic relativism are as follows:Firstly,from aspect of the subject of ethic evaluation,the ethic relativist advocates that the logical start point of ethic evaluation is "I".Comparatively,the subject of asymmetry of ethic evaluation is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity which includes both "I" and "others".Secondly,from aspect of relationship between universality and specificity,the ethic relativist advocates that ethic evaluation results are subjective and cannot be universal.But the asymmetry of ethic evaluation highlights not only the specificity of ethic evaluation but also its universality,and it is the unity of the two.Thirdly,from the rationality point of view,the ethic relativist does not have rationality of evaluation or lacks it.The result of asymmetry of ethic evaluation,by contrast,contains certain rationality.How does asymmetry of ethic evaluation occur?The third chapter "the logical foundation for ethic evaluation and its asymmetry " aims at finding the logical foundation for occurrence of asymmetry of ethic evaluation from the theory of meta-ethics.This chapter firstly illustrates the relationship between ethic concept and occurrence of asymmetry of ethic evaluation by analyzing ethic concepts "good" and "justifiable".Secondly,the chapter discusses the relationship between ethic judgment and occurrence of asymmetry of ethic evaluation by analyzing the authenticity,universality and rationality of ethic judgment.Finally,the chapter expounds the relationship between ethic reasoning and occurrence of asymmetry of ethic evaluation by illustrating the deductive reasoning model,the inductive reasoning model,the direct reasoning model and the analogy model.The fourth chapter "the realistic foundation for ethic evaluation and its asymmetry" aims at finding the realistic foundation for occurrence of asymmetry of ethic evaluation from three aspects:The first one is the impact of evaluator,such as its concept,ability,character,emotion and other factors which may have impact on the asymmetry of ethic evaluation.The second one is the impact of evaluation object,such as its degree of clarity and complexity,kinship and other factors which may have influence on the asymmetry of ethic evaluation.The third one is the impact of social and environmental factors,such as social customs,social opinions,social values,moral conditions and so on.Last but not least,the fifth chapter is titled "criticism on the asymmetry of ethnic evaluation",which deals with further issues of ethnic evaluation asymmetry.To begin with,the measurement must adhere to the natural law,to the regulation and to people’s nature.Being in line with the natural law contains two levels of contents:firstly,the judge must hold a correct opinion on the object’s attribute,function,structure,nature and logic.Secondly,the judge must have a correct view on the evaluation standard.Being in line with the regulation means the evaluation should by governed by scientific and normative procedures.Being in line with people’s nature means that people as well as their nature must be respected.People’s personality and dignity should be seen as aim instead of tool,and the integration of conduct and personality must be emphasized.Secondly,the method with respect to ethic evaluation must be reasonable.And this can be sorted to as ethic evaluation on oneself and on the society,both of which should be of reason.To achieve the reason of ethic evaluation on oneself,first of all,an appropriate standard must be adopted and keep in-biased.Second,the role of"conscience" must be emphasized to the fullest.Furthermore,such abilities as morality,responsibility and a sense of right and wrong must be cultivated.To achieve the reason of ethic evaluation on the society,first,a public standpoint must be taken;Second,a supervision mechanism must be established;third,the transparency and justice must be enlarged;forth,a compensation measure must be built to the evaluation result;last,in ethic evaluation,the motive,attitude,measure,aim and effect must be integrated.Thirdly,the result of ethic evaluation must be of reason.To realize it,the following three points must be stick to.First,to test and modify the evaluation result.Second,to test the evaluation result.Third,to modify the evaluation result.In the process of modification,on the one side,it is a re-evaluation process in terms of former evaluation;on the other side,the aim lies in the perfection of former evaluation,rendering it more reasonable.In summary,in order to guarantee the reason of ethic evaluation asymmetry,various elements,levels and aspects must be taken into consideration,such as the standard,multiple information,the ability of the judge as well as the proper contents of the evaluation and so on.