Study On The Settlement Geography Of Tianjin Fu Prefecture In Qing Dynasty

This article is intended to study the settlement geography of the Qing Dynasty and focus on the formation and evolution of the settlement system of Tianjin Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty.The existing domestic research on the cities and villages in Tianjin is rich in research results,but the Tianjin Prefecture has not yet been established as a regional area.Moreover,settlement research should proceed from the perspective of settlement as a whole and conduct a comprehensive and systematic study of all settlement types as a system.So as to explore the inherent relationship and regularity of different types of settlements in the process of development and change.In addition to the introduction part of the article is divided into six chapters.The introduction part focuses on reviewing the historical settlement geography in Tianjin,the historical city geography and the historical regional geography research results including Tianjin.This article defines the time period of the choice and the division of the region.In addition,the value of relevant historical data and the use of assessment.So as to pave the way for the text.The first chapter mainly elaborates the formation process of Tianjin government,clarifies the scope of Tianjin government and the reasons for its setting.By combing the formation process of Tianjin government,it was found that the adjustment of the rapid changes of the political districts in Tianjin during the Yongzheng period was not a special case but a normal deployment under the general background.Combined with the social development of Tianjin in the process from Tianjin Wei to Tianjin Fu Prefecture,the author concludes that the reasons for the establishment of Tianjin government are mainly to solve the large number of long-term problems left over from the establishment of Tianjin in the Ming Dynasty.In response to a series of problems arising from the flow of goods,commodities and population brought by Tianjin as a transportation hub,water transport node and fish salt origin,Tianjin further strengthens Tianjin’s position as a gateway to JingJi Province.Chapter 2 describes and analyzes the urban agglomeration in Tianjin from the aspects of distribution,site selection,shape and internal structure,and finds that there is a certain relationship between the distribution of the seven cities under the jurisdiction of Tianjin and the changes of the coastline.Site selection gives priority to nearby rivers for access to sources of water,traffic and military barriers,and then to the geometric center of their political district.The outline of the city basically conforms to the"square" rule,in line with the pursuit of the "zheng" noble value in Chinese traditional culture.At the same time,the design tendency of the central axis permeates into several schemes of the interior space layout of the city.This is not only the aesthetic expression of the concept of symmetry of the people,but also the embodiment of the Confucianism of "ju zhong bu pian".On this basis,we compare the typical Tianjin city with that of Cangzhou to reveal the characteristics,changes and causes ’of the two cities in terms of spatial expansion and urban status before and after Tianjin’s opening up.The third chapter puts the research object on the town of Tianjin government.It is found that the number of townships is generally increasing.Similar to the cities,the towns are also mostly distributed along rivers and roads,and are connected by rivers and roads,forming the distribution network of secondary centers in cities and towns.The expansion of Tianjin City and its integration with the surrounding townships are the microcosm of changes in the modern city and town system.This reflects that in the process of alternation between the development of traditional cities and the modernization of cities in the late Qing Dynasty,the old system was broken and the new urban system The layout gradually began to look.In addition,taking Yangliuqing town and Xinnong town as examples,this paper explores the motivation of the town by comparing the origin and development of the two towns and reveals the pluralism of motivation for settlement development.It can be both a natural advantage and an artificial one.But no matter what kind of conditions work,it needs to follow the trend of social development at that time.The fourth chapter discusses the village of Tianjin.In quantitative terms,the trend ofTianjin villages is accompanied by the overall increase of the fluctuations,that is,the villages have not increased or decreased over time,but maintained a growth trend over a long period of time.In terms of spatial distribution,the villages in the central part of Tianjin prefecture are most distributed and extend north-south direction.The closer the villages along the northern and southern fringes of the government are,the less distribution there is.With the passage of time,this spatial distribution trend still exists,but gradually tends to dilute.Due to the fact that Tianjin belongs to the plain area,the site selection of villages is mainly to consider water sources and traffic problems.In Tianjin,Jinghai and Qingxian where water resources are abundant,the distribution of villages is basically strip-shaped settlements along the river.At the same time,due to the concentration of Tianjin’s water system in the western and northern regions,the distribution of western villages is formed Dense,the eastern part of the more sparse spatial distribution.This is also the result of the later landings in the eastern part of the country,the large residual puddles and the more serious salt and alkali that limit human activities.The fifth chapter tries to extract and analyze the historical and geographical information contained in the village name from the perspective of toponymy.Through the sorting and statistical analysis of the names of common names and proper names of village names and their contained information,the naming rules of villages and the classification of village names can be clearly understood.Village name is not only a symbol of the village,but also contains different village information,analysis of the village name in the geographical environment related to the word found that the village site more inclined to near water and topography.In addition,some special words in the village name also reflect the history of the village and are helpful in understanding the origin and development of the village.Based on the previous research on various settlements in Tianjin,Chapter Six summarizes and analyzes the composition of Tianjin settlement system.And using the measurement data provided by the literature,with the method of statistical analysis,we analyze the settlement types in Tianjin.Through the statistical analysis of the measurement data,it is found that the settlement and population development in northwest,western and eastern parts of Tianjin county except urban area are at the forefront;From the perspective of population occupation constitution.The ratio of population that has been engaged in non-agricultural forestry and fishing is over 50%in Tianjin country,which shows the high level of urbanization development.These indicators indicate that the large number of transitional settlements between village and city in the settlement of Tianjiri county are the embodiment of the dynamic process of urbanization in China’s traditional period.