A Study Of The Multi-Sound Modality Of The 20th-Century Shanxi Opera Music

Main forms of Chinese operas include vocal music and accompaniment?string/wind instruments and percussion instruments?.Besides packaging the melody,accompaniment also includes such forms as run-cavity,prolongation of tune,following tune and accompanying tune,so as to form heterophony music pattern in different genres of drama.On the stage,traditional Chinese operas display multi-sound music formation which mixed by performers'voices,main instruments,gongs and drums.The performers singing and the accompaniment of string/wind instruments and percussion instruments embody multi-sound creative thinking in opera music.Meantime,after three times of Chinese drama reformations,traditional drama music gradually merged into plenty of composing techniques like western harmony and instruments.In this way,Chinese drama music developed from linear thinking of multi-sound effect to counterpoint music,and then formed opposite and unitary multi-voices formation which combined Chinese and western features.The main research object of the paper is the multi-sound modality of Shanxi opera music.It combines vertical and horizontal research and uses interactive research technique which connects history and music theory,music morphology and composition techniques analysis,text data and fieldwork.Based on basic music theory and the combination of history,sociology and musicology,the research makes a systematical and comprehensive comparison of Shanxi opera music through history and original aspects,so as to explore the changing mode and background of multi-sound modality of Shanxi opera music in the 20th century,and then to make recognition of a hundred years of reformation and reconstitution of Chinese traditional opera music.Shanxi opera music mainly includes Bangzi opera,Luozi opera,description opera,Shua Haier,Yangko drama,Meihu drama,WanWanQiang,string drama,Qing drama,gong and drums play,and many other operas.As to the formation,Original or related types of Bangban opera and Paiqu opera not only show the commonness between each other,but also display great similarities on the patterns of multi-sound between vocal music and accompaniment,except for several minor differences on lyrics habits and drum beats.Shanxi local operas have been greatly influenced by Bangzi tune after 20^thcentury.Different types of drama show a survival pattern of four main Bangzi operas in Shanxi province.From the aspects of accompaniment,singing methods and performance requirements?subjects of the play?,Shanxi opera includes five multi-sound modalities,which are Zisheng?sound?type,main tune type,Jieying?supply?type,polyphony type and comprehensive type.Despite the fact that there is commonness between different types,styles of Shanxi opera keep changing during acting or performance.The multi-sound combination and mixture of accompaniment is the unique symbol of Shanxi opera music,which provided inspiration and structure examples for the development and reformation of Shanxi opera music.Mode of singing creation is the key to success for opera arts.After several times of reformation,Shanxi opera music gradually changes from traditional drama and adaption drama to newly adapted historical drama and modern drama,and then to original costume drama and modern drama,the changing of the themes causes the development of the mode of singing creation.The mode of singing of Shanxi opera music has always been singing while creating of the string and drama players in addition to performance while creating of the actors.With a large number of new music workers and professional composers have joined in Shanxi opera troupes to participate in the activities of singing creation since the 1950s,the main body Shanxi opera music singing creation changed from original actors,string and drum players to professional composers.Meanwhile,the composing techniques of singing creation gradually changed from traditional multi-tone to the mixture of western multi-sound and acoustic instruments,and then gradually formed the integration and development of Chinese and western multi-sound singing creation techniques.All literature art,including opera music,cannot live without social life.The prosperity and development of the Shanxi opera art cannot leave its historical background and social and political system.Whether it is periphery ideological reform requirement or internal self-growth demands of art itself,both contribute to the development of Shanxi opera music.Shanxi opera follows historical trend in the form of multi-sound music in the 20th century.It is the music reformation under the background of the extensive development of Chine music.No matter it is new singing styles,new beating types,new formation or new bands,all have close relationship with the local social and political background.