Research On Qingyun School In Eastern Sichuan

In the long period of imperialism in China,the rulers represented by the "government" and the ruled by the "people" are the two basic groups that constitute Chinese society.The ordinary people who belong to the ruled are in an absolutely weak position in many aspects such as economy,politics and education,especially in terms of discourse power.Ordinary people,due to lack of discourse power,seldom make their voices in the whole society.On the contrary,elite intellectuals who occupy the dominant position of power hold the discourse power of society for a long time,often overlooking ordinary people with a high attitude of"education".Despite being in a weak position in power,ordinary people have created various cultures that serve themselves.These cultures are often prefixed by folks,such as folk literature and folk art.Although folk is the home of ordinary people,due to the unequal power relations,the ruler still has a strong influence in the "civil" with ordinary people as the main body,creating a real situation in which official culture and folk culture are parallel in civil society..In many popular folk cultures,religion occupies an important position,affecting the daily life and spiritual world of the general public.Starting from the relationship between religion and the official,the religions in "folk" can be divided into two different types.One type is represented by orthodox Buddhism and Taoism,and they are officially recognized and even protected;the other type is all kinds of religions that the government ignores,excludes,and even suppresses,including various "sacrifice",folk beliefs,and folk denominations.Although there are differences between the two types of religions,in specific civil society,these two types of religions are not always well-defined and do not negotiate with each other.In fact,in the folk,the two major types of religion often influence each other,forming a complex folk religious ecology.The complex religious ecological environment of the people has left a deep mark on the religions born in it.Qingyun School is just one example.The Qingyun School was founded by Jiang Chengshou,a native of Suiding Prefecture in Sichuan Province during the Daoguang period.It is a local folk sect mainly active in eastern Sichuan.Jiang Chengshou was originally a believer in White Lotus,but after experiencing the "White Lotus Rebellion" in eastern Sichuan,he keenly grasped the prevailing requirements of the various classes of eastern Sichuan for the reconstruction of moral ethics at that time,and turned to traditional moral ethics,especially" "Filial piety".In the end,Jiang Chengshou created a new religious tradition,the Qingyun School,on the basis of blending various religious traditions such as "White Lotus",Taoism,Buddhism,and Confucianism.Since the birth of the Qingyun School,"morality" and"spirituality" have become two key factors,and have played an important role in many aspects such as temple properties,monastic organizations,sect activities,and compilation of classics.In terms of temple properties,thanks to Jiang Chengshou's "spiritual" predictions,a group of people became Jiang Chengshou's first believers,and these believers provided Jiang Chengshou with land,funds and other support in building temples.The acquisition of the temple property laid the foundation for the founding of Jiang Chengshou.Jiang Chengshou formed a monk group to carry out various public activities centered on temples and promoted his own "filial piety" Dharma.Qingyun School gradually took shape in Jiang Chengshou's hands.Qingyun School's "filial piety" doctrine centered on Confucian morality and ethics has won the belief of a large number of local people and has been recognized by various groups including gentry in society.The widespread recognition of the society has created a favorable development environment for the Qingyun School.Before the founding of the People's Republic of China,the Qingyun School had more than 70 temples and its influence spread across the eastern Sichuan and Chongqing regions.It has become an influential sect in the eastern Sichuan region.In addition to growing in the temple,the monks of the Qingyun School also tried to establish their own religious authority and compiled a large number of scriptures.These scriptures provide the possibility to gain a deeper understanding of Qingyun School.The remaining scriptures show Qingyun School's unique religious worldview,record many religious ceremonies,and retain many legends and myths related to Qingyun School's history.Among the many classics of Qingyun School,"Qingyun Fairy Ladder" is a very important classic.It was made by many monks of Qingyun School over many years,and it can be described as the classic of Qingyun School.Hundreds of scriptures have been recorded in the "Qingyun Fairy Ladder",which contains many different types of sacred texts such as scriptures,confessions,curses,and oracles.This classic shows that the Qingyun School has been deeply influenced by the"Gengzi Interpretation" of the Dragon Girl Temple.He has long been engaged in the religious activity of "Fujia" and made holy classics through Fujia.Promoting Confucian moral education among ordinary people by means of Shinto means is the biggest sect characteristic of Qingyun School and the secret to its development and growth.Qingyun School also revealed the survival mode of folk religion to some extent.Facing the strict orthodox attitude of the official orthodox towards folk religion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Qingyun School adhered to the tradition of "Fate" and countered the negative attitude of the imperial power with the affirmation of divine power,demonstrating the rationality of its own sect.In the process of actual sect development,Qingyun School properly handles the complex relationship between itself,the elites of the upper class of society,and the people of the lower class.On the one hand,the Qingyun School has established a good relationship with the Confucian elites of the local society by virtue of recognition and promotion of Confucian morality,and won a more relaxed living environment;on the other hand,in the face of ordinary people,the Qingyun School emphasizes mystery The "spirit" of Confucius has established and consolidated its own religious authority by means of ceremonies,support and other means,and integrated it into the daily religious needs of the local people.The Qingyun School continues to this day,and it has a profound connection with embedding itself into the daily lives of local people.