Research On Female Images Of The Song Dynasty

After the Song Dynasty was founded,in order to restore social order,the emperors of the Song Dynasty regained the dominant position of Confucianism and formed “the law of ancestors” that emperor and scholar-bureaucrat governing the country together through a series of reforms in politic,military,economy and culture.Under principle of “the law of ancestors” which the emperor and the scholar-bureaucrat ruled the country together,stable political situation,prosperous economic foundation,religious form of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,multi-ethnic cultural exchange,prosperous educational scene and diversified artistic system ensured and promoted the colorful life of the people in the Song Dynasty,thus providing broad living materials and sufficient conditions for the creation of female images in the Song Dynasty.Understanding and exploring mysterious truth,distinguishing right from wrong,good from evil,promulgating etiquette rule,depicting local condition and custom,stabilizing the ruling order,and publicizing the temperament of the epoch.The female images of Song Dynasty became direct witnesses and narrators of social and historical development.Saints' ideas in female images is equivalent to that of saints' classics.Based on this reason,this paper uses iconology research method,Verification method,induction method,reasoning method and comparison method to conduct a comprehensive cultural history study on the historical context,creation reason,motif evolution,ideological inheritance,social education,evaluation criteria,and formal relation and so on,in-depth analysis of the filial piety ideas and evaluation ideas behind the female images in Song Dynasty,in order to summarize the universal laws of the times,sociality,inheritance and innovation of art.Female images in the Song Dynasty refer to all kinds of female images created by artists in the Song Dynasty with paintings and sculptures as the center.Their contents is filial piety ideas.Filial piety is the common spiritual pillar of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,and has condensed into the core of the Chinese national spirit in the long-term historical development.In the records of the ancient documents suchas “ Filial Piety Sutra” and “ Filial Piety Sutra for Women”,filial piety ideas is a universal truth,and all human qualities and virtues are different expressions of filial piety ideas.The Song Dynasty was founded on Confucianism.Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism combined and absorbed in the filial piety ideas of the three religions each other.By the late Southern Song Dynasty,Neo-Confucianism had become a national ideology,and the main spiritual pillar of Neo-Confucianism was still Confucianism.From beginning to end,filial piety ideas was the ruling ideology of the Song Dynasty and the main melody of artistic creation.The filial piety ideas of female images in the Song Dynasty was studied from two aspects to carry on the cultural history connection between filial piety ideas and images creation.First of all,it traces back the social issues such as the connotation,inheritance,universal filial piety ideas education and female filial piety ideas to clarify the origin and development,to take over the connection between the images and cultural history.Secondly,it analyzes and explains the filial piety ideas of female images in Song Dynasty.First point,the filial piety images of women of the Song Dynasty mainly include images of women offering sacrifice and praying for blessing;images of women nursing and raising children;images of women serving their parents;images of women raising silkworm and weaving;images of women cooking and preparing tea and other labors,images of women dressing before the mirror,and images of dancers and maids.Second point,the filial piety images of women in history mainly include images of women teach her son to be a good person,images of women longing for the unification of the family and the country,images of women in marriage and alliance,images of women of admonishing empress.Third point,filial piety women images for Taoist and Buddhism mainly include images of women immortals engaged in marriage,images of women immortals visiting,images of women immortals to making obeisance,images of Goddess of Mercy,images of heavenly women and images of women providers.Distant and elegant images of women,both concerned with society and expressing themselves,both promoting the world and inspiring later generations,can be the best proof of the great contribution made by ancient Chinese women to the advancement of human civilization.The evaluation criteria of female images in the Song Dynasty are embodied in the inheritance and development of the evaluation criteria of ancient arts,which are embodied in the inheritance and creation of the traditional six-law theory and the six artistic styles created by GU Kaizhi,LU Tanwei,ZHANG Sengyao,CAO Zhongda,WU Daozi and ZHOU Fang.The artistic appeal formed by the unity of artistic content and form is finally attributed to the classification of Pin.On the basis of tracing back and sorting out the previous theoretical achievements in cultural history,this paper summarizes the general characteristics of Shen-Pin,Miao-Pin,Neng-Pin and Yi-Pin and applies the four categories of Shen-Pin,Miao-Pin,Neng-Pin and Yi-Pin to the evaluation of female images in the Song Dynasty.In view of the historical context in which the Song Dynasty was founded on Confucianism,the educational function carried by the female images in the Song Dynasty and strictly rules followed,Yi-Pin was placed outside the three categories of Shen-Pin,Miao-Pin,and Neng-Pin.Since the artistic characteristics of the individual work of an artist is subordinate to the overall artistic characteristics of the artists,and the evaluation of art originates from the evaluation of human beings,the evaluation of female images in the Song Dynasty also aim at the artist.Learning from and following the tradition of ancient Chinese art history books.Seven artists are Shen-Pin,which named LI Gonglin,WANG Ai,YANG Riyan,GAO Yi,WU Zongyuan,LI Tang and XIAO Zhao.There are eight artists to Miao-Pin named SU Hanchen,WANG Shen,MA Hezhi,ZHAO Boju,CHEN Juzhong,LIU Songnian,ZHANG Dunli and LIU Zonggu.Neng-Pin include MOU yi,GAO Wenjin,WANG Juzheng and LI Song.Yi-Pin include JIA Shigu,LIANG Kai and FA Chang.Furthermore,some female image grades without the artist's name were also deduced.Due to the overall service of the female images of the Song Dynasty to the ruling class,the standards of its evaluation meet the needs of maintaining the rule.This is also determined by the times and cultural particularity of the image creation.The comprehensive cultural history study of female images of Song Dynasty expand the observation field of Song Dynasty art history writing.It is a new style attempting of the Chinese cultural character and thinking perspective to art history research.