The Origins And Development Of The Modern English Parties

The problems this paper wants to solve is that how the political parties created by the religious reform turn into the modern political party systems.The whole thesis can be divided into four chapters.Specific contents is as follows.Chapter One is to discuss the period of the emergence of the British political factions.British religious reform is the premise of the engendering of Britain's political parties.British religious reform broke the Catholic authority,and in Britain appeared many sects.These sects divided into political parties in the UK.After the restoration,these sects fighted in parliament and gradually evolved into a few main political factions.The main factions in parliament strived for leadership in turn.As these factions were fighting,the Whigs and Tories appeared in 1679.The Tories and the whigs played a key role in the happening of the glorious revolution.This led to the emergence of the situation of the polarization of political factions.All these laid the foundation for modern political parties.Chapter Two is to discuss the polarization of political factions.From 1689 to 1760,political factions formed polarization.From 1689 to 1714,the Whigs and the tories were fighting for parliamentary leadership.This become the main target of struggles of the two parties.In the process,the polarizing trend appeared.Of course,this also is inseparable with the history background.In 1714,the Whigs achieved leadership position,and the Tories became the opposition.As a result,in the Tories engendered the consciousness of the opposition,and the Tory party conflicted with the Whig party.This has facilitated the formation of polarization of political factions.After the year of-1750,the reign of George ? arrived and made the polarization deepen.The emergence of political polarization is the prerequisite of the occurring of modern British parties.During this period,the development of.Britain's political parties provides the conditions for the future emergence of modern political parties.Chapter Three discusses the extension period of origins of modern political parties.From 1760 to 1832,the modern political parties was in the extension of the period.In the same period,with the happening of the industrial revolution,the American revolution and the French revolution,occured Britain's liberties and waves of democratization.Therefore,the polarization of Britain's political parties acqiured the consolidation and development.This makes the faction politics to party politics.At the same time,political parties fighted increasingly intense.Two mode of system of leadership groups led tothe extension.These two leadership groups was transformed into the tory and the whig,The two parties have their own organization and position.Their political views are conservatism and liberalism.The development of these parties makes the torie and the whigs turn into the conservatives and the liberals.Chapter Four is about the period of institutionalization of modern political parties.From 1832 to 1868 emerged the institutionalization of modern political parties.First,appeared the conservative party and the Whig party.Second,the two parties depended upon the house of Commons to a higher degree and constitutional monarchy finally completed Responsibility cabinet was completed once again.This makes the modern political parties set up in the UK.Finally,the political factions turned into modern political parties.