The Comparative Study Of Roform In Governmental System In China And Japan Modernization

From the practice of historical development,the modernization of China and Japan were all beyond people's expectation.According to any of standards in pre-modern time,China would become one of the only leading civilization societies,even if not the only one.But in fact,not only China could not one of the successful pioneers,but also could not become the successor.After Meiji restoration,however,through modernization,Japan became an independent industrial country.Some scholars consider that the reason of China could not reform successfully like Japan after forced to "open" was the fragile of political structure and corrosion suffered later,which were recognition and affirmation by most researchers at home and abroad.The article concentrates on the failure of political reform in late Qing Dynasty,from the perspective of governmental system,which plays a fundamental part in political structure,proves the multiple correlations between modern government system and modernization through the historical description of the reason,process and consequence about the establishment of modern government structure in the two countries and emphasizes on the supporting function of the modern government system.From the perspective of social development,"modernization" is not a pure economic concept indicate industrialization and a sheer political noun indicate democratization.It is a historical process that change from feudal society to capitalist society,closely connect with capitalistic culture,and social sphere with systematic and integrity.Therefore,social modern reform should pay attention to the rule of integrity,take economic,political,cultural and social reforms together and realize culture integral change.The modern history of two countries has been proved that economic,cultural and social reforms have to be accompanied and supported by political reform.The government system consisted of Imperial Diet,responsible cabinet and court laid institutional foundation for the Japanese modern reform.Compared with other developed countries,even if there are serious flaws in the political reform,the success of modernization in Japan was the establishment of the constitutional system of government,although that is constitutional monarchy.The Mikado had supreme authority but could not control the supreme power,which was restricted by constitutional government.That made Japanese domination was different from autocracy in western traditional society.The differences provide lots of opportunities to promote modernization in Japan,As we known,modernization was beginning at implements level,the development of the level must be multi-dimensional request the administrative system reform and efficient government(Responsible cabinet or government).The establishment of responsible government dispersed the autocratic monarchy which was centralized legislative,executive,and judicial rights,made the government carry out the executive.Responsible cabinet protected by legislation directly dispersed autocratic monarchy,and ensure mutual restrict and the positive interaction between Monarch and responsible cabinet.Successful modernization of Japan in many aspects can be attributed to this point.In this paper,the description of the modern system of government establishment in the two countries as well as the fundamental role of government system in promoting the modernization process prove the importance of political(institutional)reform in the national development and social progress,and provide a reference for government reform in contemporary China.The research method in this paper contain joint forces factor theory,historical comparison and structural-functionalist analysis method in politics,take multidimensional comprehensive structural analysis of the complexity of modern social transformation in China and Japan,describe the reasons,process and results of political reform,analysis the relationship of the structure and function in each particular system,reveal the core meaning of the modern system of government for regime change.The thesis is divided into eight parts,introduction,as the first part mainly study on the research origination,existing research and research methods,content,innovation and so on.The second chapter concentrate on the background of the evolution of the modern system of government,the establishment of industrial society requires changing the rule of power morphology in agricultural society.The third chapter,through elaborate the process and its results of constitutional monarchy establishment in modem China and Japan by contrast,analysis the reasons for the late Qing Dynasty failed do that.The next three chapters respectively concentrate on the process and results of established administrative system,the legislative system and judicial system,analysis the obstacles encountered by the late Qing Dynasty China to build up separation of powers system.The seventh chapter based on the above discussion,prove that there is multiple correlation between modern government system with modernization,and analysis the profound significance for the administration,capitalist economy and its market-oriented.From the perspective of government system and their supporting role on modernization is not only the key point but also the innovation in the whole thesis.The last part is conclusion what discusses the political(institutional)changes have to accompany and complement the economic,cultural,and social changes each other,which must be reformed together and indispensable.