Spatial Pattern Of China's Population Migration Based On Big Data And Its Impact On Urbanization

Population migration is one of the largest and most far-reaching geographical processes in China since the reform and opening-up.China's floating population reached 247 million in 2015 and has become one of the most dynamic regions of population migration in the world.Such a large floating population and its spatial gathering process will have a wide and strong influence on the agglomeration of urban areas,the emigration of rural areas and the urbanization process in China.The advent of big data era has provided new opportunities for scientific research and raised new challenges for scientist.Large-scale spatial data makes it possible to observe the spatio-temporal characteristics of large scale population behavior based on the mass trajectory of individual granularity.The highly precise information of the people,time and place contained in the data provides support for the research of the spatial migration of the floating population in China.This paper constructs the relation matrix of population migration by using mobile large data,and depicts the spatial agglomeration and diffusion process of China's population during the 2015 Spring Festival travel between the coastal developed areas in the East and the less developed areas in the Midwest.Based on the significant spatial regularity of population migration during the Spring Festival travel rush,the scale difference between 31 provinces(municipalities)and 336 administrative division at prefecture level in China were calculated.This paper also analyzes the spatial pattern and the influencing factors of the provincial migration of Chinese floating population in the level of administrative division.On this basis,this paper studies the impact of population migration on urbanization and land urbanization in China.In specific terms:Based on the remarkable spatio-temporal regularity of the migration of floating population during the Spring festival,the paper identified 14 immigration provinces and 17 emigration provinces in the level of provincial administrative division,and identified 94 immigration cities and 242 emigration cities in the level of prefecture administrative division.In terms of space,the "coastal stretches" of the main population immigration areas and the "population collapse" of the main administrative division at prefecture level emigration areas form the "double vertical" pattern of the spatial distribution in China.By comparing with the "the sixth national census" data and the previous research findings,we found that the results of this study is a real good recognition effect on the scale difference of population migration and emigration in different regions of China.And this paper verifies the scientificalness of the research on migration of the Chinese population by using the migrating data of Baidu and the technical methods of this paper.This paper constructs the Chinese city network based on the spatial path of population migration,and studies the structural characteristics of the network.The paper points out that China's city network based on the provincial migration of population shows a phenomenon of "small world".The spatial pattern of population migration shows the obvious core-edge structure at the national and regional scales.The development strategy of national urbanization and the critical transportation infrastructure have a frame-oriented role in the spatial pattern of population migration.This paper puts forward the method of network city function recognition,which is based on alter-based centrality and power,and measures the city network of China on the basis of the migration of population.This method reveals the node attribute of the network city in our country,identifies the different influence of the population resource circulation on the network city,and helps to deepen the understanding of the complex relationship and the urban functional diversity of the Chinese city network.The extension of agent variable and the refinement of the index are the main ways to study the factors affecting the population migration in China at present.However,the spatial heterogeneity of variable effect is severly neglected.In this paper,a large-scale calculation is made by programming,the regression coefficients of the surrogate variables of the Chinese population migration gravity model are calculated to administrative division at prefecture level,so as to investigate the spatial differences of the effect of factors affecting population migration in different regions,and evaluates the error of gravity model in population migration simulation.The research points out: firstly,the effect of the factors of the migration of the Chinese population in the immigration population areas and the emigration population areas is asymmetric,and the intensity of the action is more asymmetrical than that of the emigration population areas,whether from the overall role or the specific factors.Secondly,the economic level,the industrial scale,the third production proportion,the public service facility quantity not only has the more profound influence of the population migration,simultaneously its explanatory power application scope is also more extensive.Thirdly,there are significant spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation in the effects of the factors affecting the migration of the population in China.This conclusion confirms the existence of spatial imitation of the floating population in the process of provincial migration.Finally,during the 2015 Spring Festival travel rush,the distance attenuation coefficient of population migration is-1.970 in China,the paper also shows the distance attenuation coefficient of population migration in all municipalities and provincial capitals of China,which provides reference data for future related research.At the regional scale,the paper analyzes the spatial pattern and the influencing factors of the provincial migration of northeast population in China.First of all,the mass migration of people in the northeast is occurring between the cities with high rankings.The floating population has the remarkable spatial characteristic of gathering to the south and the national center city like Beijing and Tianjin.Secondly,in the section analysis of the influencing factors,it was calidated that the positive effect of urban population size on the two-ways migration intensity and the negative effects of population density and industrial sulfur dioxide emissions on the bidirectional migration intensity,and The force effect of GDP per capita and the area of built-up area as the thrust effect and wage level,per capita saving balance and real estate development investment as variable at immigration place.Finally,the per capita expenditure on education has an outstanding explanatory ability to the northeast of the internal population migration and the northeast population emigration.To some extent,it reflects the high proportion of family relocation and settlement in the northeast migratory population,which proves the reality of the population loss in northeast China in recent years.The provincial migration of the floating population is a major social phenomenon affecting the process of urbanization in China.Because of the frequent and rapid characteristics of migration,it is difficult to grasp the spatial distribution scale of current floating population,which leads to the controversy of population quantity in different regions in recent years.Based on the perspective of the floating population,this paper estimates the actual population size of all the administrative divisions in China.And through the coordinated evaluation model of population urbanization and land urbanization,this paper studies and probes into the imbalance between urbanization of population and urbanization of land and its influence mechanism in the process of urbanization development in China.This paper is one of the earliest literatures in the field of population geography based on mobile large data.The research angle of view is forward-looking,and the research technology,the method and the conclusion show great innovation.On the one hand,this research enriches the research perspective of the floating population in China.On the other hand,the research results are more accurate and more timely than the previous official channel data based on census and sample survey.The spatial characteristics of the inter-provincial population migration,the geographical distribution of floating population and its influence on the urbanization of land in China have great practical significance to understand the important social phenomenon of the floating population in the transition period,and to examine the coordinated relationship between the development of people urbanization and land urbanization in China.