The UK is one of the countries suffering from the most serious terrorist threat in the world,and terrorism is regarded as the number one security threat in the UK.In order to combat the extremist ideology that breeds terrorism,the UK has been carrying out a series of de-radicalization policies since the 21 st century.The research of this paper starts with the de-radicalization in the fight against terrorism in the UK,and systematically analyzes the formulation,implementation and effect evaluation of the de-radicalization policy in the UK.In general,the fight against terrorism in Britain has gone through three main stages.The terrorism stage before September 11,2001,which was characterized by fighting against separatism,was mainly to fight against the terrorist separatist activities of the Irish Republican Army.Between the events of September 11,2001 and July 7,2005,mainly participated in global counter-terrorism.After the July 7incident in 2005,the anti-terrorism campaign in Britain entered the stage of de-radicalization.The background for Britain to implement the policy of de-radicalization is mainly the failure of the practice of British multiculturalism,the rise of islamic extremism in Britain,and the fact that anti-terrorism of British has fallen into the dilemma of more and more anti-terrorist.According to the characteristics of the fight against terrorism in different stages in Britain,the policy of de-radicalization is mainly aimed at the rising islamic extremism in Britain.The proposal and formulation of the UK’s de-radicalization policy did not happen overnight,but experienced four stages of evolution.First,in 2006,the British government put forward the strategy of "Contest" against terrorism,making prevention one of the four pillars.Secondly,in 2011,in order to deal with the challenge and threat of extremist ideology,the British government officially issued the Prevent Strategy.Thirdly,in 2015,in order to effectively combat the growing threat of islamic extremism,the British government officially launched the "Counter-Extremism Strategy".Finally,in the face of frequent terrorist attacks and the deepening threat of extremism after 2017,The Commission for CounteringExtremism was established in March 2018.In addition,in terms of goal setting,the UK’s de-radicalization policy mainly includes two aspects,namely the change in cognition and the severance of specific behaviors.The implementation of the UK’s de-radicalization policy is mainly through cooperation with various risk sites.These include schools,the Internet,religious organizations,charities,health services and prisons.Typically,these six risk areas are the most susceptible to extremist ideologies.Therefore,the British government’s de-radicalization policy requires these institutions to take responsibility in the de-radicalization work,and set up a variety of specialized agencies in these risk places to guide and monitor,and take charge of the de-radicalization work.At the same time,these risk sites themselves are also actively taking various measures to cooperate with the government’s de-radicalization work.At the same time of the British government adopted a policy of de-radicalization,other countries in the world also has carried out various forms of work de-radicalization,this paper selected the both is similar to the British political system and cultural tradition of other European countries,such as the Netherlands,Denmark,Germany,France and Belgium,also selected Saudi Arabia,the Middle East power with the most remarkable effect of de-radicalization in the world,and Indonesia and Singapore,which have very distinct characteristics of de-radicalization,compared with the British to de-radicalization policy,and draw a lot of meaningful enlightenment.Through the comparison,it is found that the pattern of de-radicalization in various countries in the world is similar in some aspects.However,due to the influence of differences in political system,cultural background and reality,the policies of de-radicalization in different countries are quite different.At present,Britain is one of the most successful countries in the world in implementing de-radicalization policies.After years of de-radicalization,obvious results have been achieved,mainly in the establishment of a nationwide community counter-terrorism prevention mechanism and a multi-sectoral "channel" project.However,limited by subjective and objective conditions,the British policy of de-radicalization also faces some difficulties,which are mainly reflected in the factthat the de-radicalization policy often makes the Muslim community "suspect" as a whole,and the human rights problems brought by the de-radicalization policy.All these make the effectiveness of the work of de-radicalization greatly reduced.Through the analysis of the UK’s de-radicalization policy in the fight against terrorism,we can draw enlightening conclusions from four aspects: firstly,the goal of the de-radicalization policy must be clear and targeted;Secondly,the necessary distinction must be made between the policy of de-radicalization and the policy of social integration.Thirdly,the formulation of the policy of de-radicalization must be based on the specific national conditions;Fourthly,all forces should be mobilized to participate in the process of de-radicalization.As a country also suffering from the threat of extremism and terrorism,China can also get some beneficial enlightenment from the results of the British policy of de-radicalization. |