Research On Terrorist Financing And Anti-terrorist Financing Under The Background Of Economic Globalization

Economic globalization has created good conditions for the effective allocation of resources.Economic globalization has accelerated the spread of terrorism on a global scale.For terrorist organizations,funds are their lifeline and driving force;terrorism will not work without funds.It is necessary for the state to cut off the financial flow of terrorist organizations and block the transfer channels of terrorist funds on the basis of economy,so as to limit the expansion of terrorist organizations and weaken their influence.Based on the basic viewpoints and standpoints of Marxism and combined with the basic theories of economics,this paper analyses Terrorism Financing(TF)in the context of economic globalization from three aspects: demand,supply and circulation channels.Through comparative analysis of the specific practices in Combating the Financing of Terrorism(CFT)of international organizations and some developed countries,this paper clarifies and analyses the corresponding mechanisms of CFT,and then combined with China's specific situation,give the relevant policy recommendations.On one hand,it has perfected the theoretical research system of terrorism financing and enriched the research results of CFT theory,which has important theoretical significance;on the other hand,it has analyzed the international CFT mechanism and China's CFT from a practical point of view,which is of great importance for our country to improve the strategy and mechanism of CFT and combat terrorism,so as to realize our national security and national interests.Terrorism not only causes casualties and panic around the world,but also brings huge losses to the global economy.This paper proposes an economic perspective on terrorism,a highly political subject.For example,cost-benefit analysis method is used to select the most appropriate way of terrorism attack with cost-benefit ratio;consumption substitution theory is used to analyze the changes of terrorism attack targets;and social income theory is used to analyze the reasons for the long-term existence of terrorist organizations and terrorism attacks.Through rational choice theory and principal-agent model,this paper tries to analyze the budget constraints of terrorist organizations,that is,the impact of the scale of terrorism financing on terrorism attacks by terrorist organizations.It also analyses the game and strategy choice between the leaders of terrorist organizations and the principals of terrorism financing through the principal-agent model,and puts forward that the government can improve its attack on terrorism financing through secret freezing of terrorist assets,public surveillance of terrorist relatives and economic development.The demand side of terrorism financing is mainly that the expenditures of terrorist organizations.Like modern social organizations,terrorist organizations need funds as a necessary condition for their operation and development.Operating a terrorist organization can be regarded as operating a special company.Its aim is to invest resources such as training,ideological propaganda,weapons and equipment,transform it into value-added products such as terrorist attacks,political rights,influence policies through the production of terrorist organizations themselves,and sell value-added products to specific ?customers?,such as social groups,religious groups,specific ethnic groups,etc.through a series of operational procedures.Maintaining this special company requires not only direct expenditures such as weapons,equipment,transportation,and logistics and so on,but also indirect costs such as operating manpower and propaganda costs.The supply side of terrorism financing is the main source of terrorism financing.Its supply level determines the scale of terrorism financing,and then determines the size and strength of terrorist organizations.The supply of terrorism financing can be divided into two types: external financing and self-financing.External financing includes state financing and non-state financing.Self-financing includes legitimate income such as trade,illegal income such as kidnapping and drug trafficking.In addition,there is the so-called ?taxation? fund supply.Different sources of terrorism financing have their own advantages and disadvantages.Different terrorist organizations usually choose one or more suitable ways of terrorism financing according to their historical background,environment,organizational form,mission objectives and other factors.Moreover,terrorist organizations in different periods will also focus on different ways of terrorism financing,which is a dynamic process.The circulation and transfer channel of terrorism financing is the channel of circulation and value conversion between expenditure(demand side)and income(supply side).It mainly includes formal financial system,informal value transfer system,trade-based value transfer channel and virtual currency.With the rapid development of Internet finance,virtual money,online payment and secret-net transactions have attracted the attention of terrorist organizations.International terrorist organizations,including ISIS,have also used new technologies and methods such as bitcoin and block chains to raise and transfer funds.This paper makes a comparative analysis of the CFT systems of the United Nations,the United States,Russia,the United Kingdom and other countries.The United Nations,the International Monetary Fund,the Financial Action Task Force,the Egmont Financial Intelligence Organization and other international organizations have made many efforts for international cooperation and exchanges in CFT through various forms.In accordance with international conventions and in light of their own national conditions,the United States,the United Kingdom,Russia and other developed countries have established a relatively perfect CFT legal system including laws,administrative regulations and industry standards,and established a multi-sectoral coordinated and cooperative law enforcement system to give full play to the professionalism and enthusiasm of law enforcement departments.Know your customers,Risk-based,Consistent supervision and Sustainability are the general principles of international CFT.Although the international community has a basic consensus on combating terrorism financing,there are still many problems in the global CFT cooperation mechanism.Through the analysis of deer hunting game,it proves that intergovernmental cooperation on combating terrorism financing in the international community is almost impossible to succeed.China's overall social situation is stable,but the threat of terrorist attacks is increasing,and the situation of anti-terrorist struggle is grim and complex.As the most influential terrorist threat to our country,?East Turkestan Islamic Movement ? does harm to our country's security by launching terrorist attacks directly,organizing training and transferring terrorists,and collecting funds for terrorist activities in China.According to the analysis,the risk of terrorist attack and money laundering in our country are both high,and the superposition of the two makes our country also face the threat of medium-level terrorist financing.The supply sources of terrorism financing in our country mainly include ?legal channels? such as personal or enterprise financing,selling personal property,business income,raising funds from believers,as well as illegal and criminal income such as robbery and theft.By participating in the formulation of international CFT standards,China has continuously expanded its voice in international CFT.Through the construction of a multi-level,systematic and three-dimensional CFT legal system including criminal legislation,administrative regulations,industry norms and requirements,a multi-sectoral CFT working mechanism has been established,and various CFT measures have been ensured through supporting systems such as targeted financial sanctions and freezing of funds related to terrorismIn China's CFT practice,there are some problems,such as weak awareness of social,imperfect relevant laws and regulations,imperfect organizational system and working mechanism of government agencies,and weak international cooperation.However,on the whole,the evaluation of legislation,intelligence quality,effectiveness of suspicious transaction monitoring,resource allocation and effectiveness of international cooperation shows that China's CFT is not perfect.The vulnerability of terrorism financing is at a low and medium level.In order to make our CFT work better,we should improve and perfect our CFT from improving the social environment,improving relevant laws and regulations,establishing and improving the CFT organization system and working mechanism,and expanding international cooperation in the field of CFT.Another thing that can not be ignored is to formulate China's CFT strategy,to coordinate the deployment of CFT system and mechanism design from the national strategic level,and then to promote China's CFT to a new level.