A Study On The Spread Of The Kanrma Kagyu Jiangyu In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Since the beginning of its formation,Tibetan Buddhism has had a preliminary contact with Jiang Yu.But the close connection with Jiangyu originated in Ming Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty,Chieftains Mu rose in the northwest of Yunnan,and his influence extended all the way northward to the southern part of Kang District,which borders Yunnan,Sichuan and Tibet.This area is the birthplace of Tibetan Buddhism ma-bkav-brgyud and has a deep mass base.In the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan Buddhism changed the attitude of the Yuan Dynasty to respect only one faction and bestowed gifts on the leaders of different religious sects.Among the three great religious leaders bestowed,the "Great Treasure religious leaders " has always been ranked first,which shows that the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the ma-bkav-brgyud.Therefore,the Chieftains Mu family supported the development of the ma-bkav-brgyud because of the dual consideration of politics and belief.The Karma Kagyu faction also spread rapidly in Jiangyu and had a far-reaching impact on the social,political,economic and cultural aspects of the area under the jurisdiction of Chieftains Mu.In the Qing Dynasty,the Chieftains Mu withdrew from the political arena of Jiangyu.The officials stationed in Lijiang by the Central Dynasty allowed ma-bkav-brgyud to spread and develop freely and inclusively,instead of suppressing and strictly control it yet.Therefore,the leaders of the ma-bkav-brgyud represented by the tenth Kamabathu Induoji,the eighth Stuquji Junai and the sixth Shamaba Quzhujiacao had extensive contacts with the administrative officials at all levels in Jiangyu,contacted the general believers,and the ma-bkav-brgyud developed from top to bottom in Jiangyu,naturally forming the attributes of nationalization and localization.Jiangyu has a regular ma-bkav-brgyud monastery,and has formed the pattern of "the thirteen monasteries of ma-bkav-brgyud",as well as its own reincarnation system of living Buddhas.Generally speaking,the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the most important period for the ma-bkav-brgyud to take root and sprout on the land of Jiangyu.Therefore,it is of great academic value to systematically study and discuss the spread of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Some scholars have been involved in the dissemination of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu,but it is sporadic.Moreover,due to the lack of historical materials in Chinese and the limited benefits of the development of Tibetan historical materials,there is still a lack of in-depth research.On the basis of previous studies,this paper aims to make a comprehensive and in-depth study of the dissemination of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties by digging up the historical materials in Tibetan and Chinese,especially the first-hand materials of Tibetan,and making use of the research results of ethnology,Tibetology,Naxi,etc.and the ethnographic materials obtained from field investigations,and puts forward many new opinions on the dissemination of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu during the Ming and Qing.The full text is divided into three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction part summarizes the background,significance,current research status,research methods and so on,and puts forward the conception and framework of this paper.The main body consists of four chapters:Chapter 1,the author interprets the concept of "Jiang" and "Jiangyu",and ultimately defines the concept of "Jiangyu" more accurately,on the basis of consulting Tibetan and Chinese literature and field investigation,.Chapters 2 and 3,the author states about the specific situation of the spread of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The relevant historical facts,such as its introduction time,process and results,are comprehensively combed and discussed.Chapter 4,the author makes a comprehensive comparative analysis of the ways and characteristics of the ma-bkav-brgyud dissemination in Jiangyu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,sums up the different characteristics of the dissemination of different cultures,and highlights the innovations of its articles.In the concluding part,the author draws a conclusion that the spread and development of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu in a peaceful way promoted the cultural exchange among different nationalities,on the basis of fully discussing the spread of the ma-bkav-brgyud in Jiangyu in Ming and Qing dynasties,which is mainly influenced by cultural differences.