Research On The Main Structure Of Rural Governance In Rural Revitalization Era

Rural governance,as an important element of national governance,was composed by different subjects with different structure in different time.In new era of socialist modernization,rural revitalization requires new rural governance.In the Report of 19 th National Congress of CPC,it is necessary to strengthen and innovate social governance,improve the social governance system with leadership of CPC,responsibility of government,coordination of society,participation of citizens,and rule of law,and establish a social governance model based on collaboration,participation and common interests.At present,previous conditions of villager autonomy gradually disappeared in the changing society.Spillover of rural governance has effected the rural society.Adjustment of rural social autonomy cannot solve all the problems.Especially in the process of Rural Revitalization,the dual structure which contains the two rural committees as main subject can't carry responsibility for all rural governance.The enforcement and innovation of rural social governance make rural grassroots party organizations as center of governance with participation by multiple actors.Although diversification of main actor of rural governance boosted rural development,it also caused disorder of governance and reduction of governance effectiveness to some extent.Stability of main actors of rural governance is not relevant to peasant and social organizations.It depends on relationship between rural grassroots party organizations,township governments,villager autonomy organization and market subjects.The main structure of rural governance is the result of the competition between state control and rural autonomy.In rural area,different rural governance actors have different motivations.Interest is the key factor of main structure.Rural Revitalization has changed environment of the main structure of rural governance.It requires new structure and function for the main structure of rural governance.Rural governance structure faces these problems: First,composition of structure is relatively simple.Village Party branch and village committee are still main component.The lack of township governments market and polycentric governance is harmful to Rural Revitalization.Second,relation between main actors of rural governance has problems.Status of rural grassroots party organization opposites to previous theory.Governance of township government is absent.Main actor is weak and role of village autonomy is offside.Market subject squeezes rural grassroots party organizations,township government and village autonomy.As basic component of state governance,rural governance cannot be independent from state control,hence state maintains control and penetration of rural society.State becomes an important external incentive for lack of main body of rural governance,that is,the "gap" between organization construction of CPC and rural society weaken the leadership of rural grassroots party organizations in rural governance.The imbalance between state control and village autonomy compress the space of pluralistic governance.The urban-rural gap directly caused the loss of rural governance subject and the rise of “hollow villages”.However,lack of institutional supply,imperfection of operation mechanism and the imbalance of power between governance subjects cause problems of relation between rural governance subjects.The solution to the problem of main structure of rural governance is a systematic project.It requires simultaneous measures by state and rural society.From the macro perspective,first,it's necessary to strengthen the organizational embeddedness of rural Party organizations in other governance subjects,and to ensure the core and leadership of the party organization in the rural governance.Second,it's important to balance the control by state and the self-adjustment by rural society,and to give a certain degree of autonomy in rural governance.Third,it's significant to narrow urban-rural gap,and to create space for polycentric governance in rural area.From the micro perspective,first,it is important to construct governance subjects and to clarify the role of governance subjects with different interests.Second,it's significant to improve related institutions and to regulate behavior of agent in rural governance.Third,it's necessary to improve the interest integration mechanism,supervision mechanism and coordination mechanism and increase the stability of rural governance structure.Last but not least,culture plays a potential leading and normative role in the behavior of rural governance subjects.To optimize the structure of rural governance,we should also strengthen the construction of rural cultural.