Research On The Foreign Trade's Employment Effect Of China's Manufacturing Industry In The Context Of Industrial Upgrading

The reform and opening up has injected great vitality into China's economy.Relying on the favorable conditions brought by the reform and opening up,Chinese enterprises,especially manufacturing enterprises,have steadily improved their competitiveness.In the early 1990 s,the era of China's industrial shortages was over,and manufacturing was entering a new era of structural adjustment and industrial upgrading.Since then,the issue of industrial upgrading has been an important issue in China's national economy and social development.Industrial upgrading is divided into industrial upgrading and intra-industry upgrading.Industrial upgrading mainly refers to the optimization of industrial structure.It is difficult to measure by single index.The upgrading in the industry is reflected in the improvement of the overall quality of the industry.Through the analysis on the manufacturing industry upgrade direction,path,mechanism and performance,this study found that China's manufacturing industry upgrade has two obvious characteristics: one is industrial upgrading direction basically unchanged for many years,that is to focus on developing capital-intensive manufacturing and high technology industries.Second,industrial upgrading does exist,but its speed is slow.These two features of the manufacturing industry will remain unchanged for a long time.This also makes the research based on past experience instructive for some time to come.As the Chinese manufacturing industry grows,great changes have taken place in China's manufacturing industry.Manufacturing industry structure,the elements of the competitiveness of manufacturing,manufacturing conditions changed significantly.Manufacturing industry upgrading also brings some problems,one of which is the decline in employment capacity of manufacturing industry.Manufacturing is a key sector of China's employment problem,with employment in manufacturing accounting for about a third of total employment.For a long time,in order to make the manufacturing industry provide jobs for more people,the government promoting manufacturing exports by various means,and at the beginning of the reform and opening up,the export of labor-intensive manufactured goods did promote the employment.But after years of industrial upgrading,China's manufacturing industry has showed the characteristics of both developed countries and the developing counties,and according to the theory of international trade,the foreign trade's impact on developing countries and developed countries employment may be different,so the study of Chinese manufacturing industry's employment effect of foreign trade under the background of industrial upgrading is very meaningful.There has been a lot of research on the impact of China's manufacturing foreign trade on employment.This study focuses on the following problems on the basis of ensuring the complete structure of the research.First,this study adopts the provincial panel data,and research the relationship between the regional manufacturing trade openness and regional manufacturing employment rate,and the relationship between the regional high technology industry trade openness and the regional high technology industry employment rate.Research shows that although the trade openness of manufacturing industry will increase the employment rate of the industries,the impact of the opening of high-tech industry is insignificant.Therefore,it can be argued that the upgrading of the manufacturing industry is not conducive to the employment promotion function of trade opening.Secondly,this study adopts the data of manufacturing industry to analyze the influence and influence mechanism of import and export of state-owned enterprises on manufacturing employment.The result shows that the export output effect will promote manufacturing employment.The net effect of structural effect and technical effect is positive but not significant.The output effect of imports is negative but not significant.The net effect of import structure effect and technological progress effect is obviously negative.Further tests found that the effect of industrial upgrading on export output effect was not significant.Thirdly,this study analyzes the impact of manufacturing export on female employment.According to the research,from the perspective of the whole manufacturing industry,the greater the export intensity of the industry,the greater the female labor demand in the industry.In labor-intensive industries,export intensity is positively correlated with female employment.In capital-intensive industries,the impact of export intensity on female employment is not significant.Therefore,this study believes that industrial upgrading is not conducive to female employment.Finally this study analyzes the influence of the manufacturing industry's trade openness on labor skills,the results show that the increase in the export strength of the manufacturing industry will lead to a decline in the structure of the skills;the increase in industry import permeability will lead to a rise in the skill structure;and the impact of imports from developed countries is bigger than imports from developing countries.There is no significant difference in the impact of exports on skills structure between industries with different factors.For low and medium technology manufacturing,export strength increase will reduce the industry skills structure;but for high technology industries,this negative affect is much smaller,and even the strength of the export increasing may increase the skill structure.