| Since the reform and opening up,there are more and more influx of foreign direct investment coming into China.As a result,China has gained a reputation of"oriental miracle" by using foreign direct investment influxes to promote its industrial development and economic growth.However,with the further expansion of economic globalization,international trade pattern has updated constantly,and especially within the past ten years,Chinese labor costs has raised rapidly and thus it lost the overwhelming advantage of labor.What's more,some developed countries began to carry out the "flow back strategy of manufacturing" and divested their companies from China,which has made great influences on the development and transformation of industrial upgrading in China.Meanwhile,for local governments,there has been some problems on foreign direct investment.For example,some local governments blindly expanded the amount and the scale of foreign investment;they emphasized quantitative growth while neglected qualitative improvement.As a result,negative effects of environmental pollution,industry sustainable development may arise.Under such a background,researches on how foreign direct investment affects Chinese international competitive advantage are quite necessary and urgent.Particularly,researches on the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment will be conducive to China's industrial structure optimization and upgrade.Porter's theory of competitive advantage ignored the formation of institutional factors on the competitive advantage of the industry.In other words,it did not take foreign direct investment as an important factor of industry's international competitiveness.In addition,heretofore research only focused on how the quantity of foreign direct investment affected the Chinese industry growth.However,there is no attention paid from the perspective of the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment,which concerns about the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment.To overcome and make supplements to the previous studies from the perspective of competitive advantage and foreign direct investment taking Chinese manufacturing as an object,and focusing on how foreign direct investment exerts influence on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry in China,this paper attempt to answer the following questions:whether or not foreign direct investment will affect the international competitiveness of industry?If there is an impact,whether the relationship will be affected by other factors?What is the internal mechanism of the impact of FDI on the international competitiveness of the industry?The paper will also analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on the international competitiveness from the perspective of theoretical analysis,quantitative characteristics of reality and empirical evidence.The paper is divided into eight chapters.The main contents of each part are showed as follows:the first chapter introduces the background,theoretical significance and practical significance,and put forward research ideas,research contents,research methods and possible innovation etc.The second chapter is the theoretical basis and literature review,which includes industrial international competitiveness,foreign direct investment,industrial agglomeration,and competitive advantage theory.The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of the impact of foreign direct investment on the international competitiveness and the proposition to be tested.This chapter is further divided into four parts.The first part is the analysis of foreign direct investment mechanism which directly affects the international competitiveness;the second part is the analysis of the industry agglomeration mechanism which directly affects the international competitiveness;the third part is the analysis of FDI which promotes the industrial agglomeration effect on international competitiveness;the fourth part is the summary of this chapter.The fourth chapter is the measurement of Chinese manufacturing industry and its international competitiveness.The fifth chapter is the empirical analysis of the relationship between foreign direct investment and international competitiveness,from the perspectives of "quality" and "quantity" to evaluate Chinese manufacturing industry.And then,this chapter will introduce an empirical study of 27 industry segments,including the robustness,endogeneity and different industries,time to further test.What's more,combined with the dynamic vector autoregressive(PVAR)mode to verify whether foreign direct investment will affect the international competitiveness of industry.On the basis of the fifth chapter,the sixth chapter analyzes the inherent influence mechanism of foreign direct investment on international competitiveness.Due to the perspective of heterogeneity of the absorption ability to study the effects of foreign direct investment in a direct impact on the international competitiveness of industry.The Seventh chapter is the introduction of foreign direct investment will inevitably affect the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration which is the source of the promotion of the international competitiveness of the industry.So basis on the result between direct investment and international competitiveness in the above research,this research endured to inspect the relationship between industry cluster and international competitiveness.And then,explores the intervening effect of industry cluster in the relationship between FDI and international competitiveness.Above all,experiencing the impact of FDI on the international competitiveness from the direct influence effect and indirect effect.The last chapter is the main conclusions,policy recommendations and research prospects.When carrying out all the research from both theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,we come to the following conclusions and main points:(1)Foreign direct investment can improve host country's international competitiveness through demonstration imitation effect,competition effect,industry association effect and mobility effects,and the spillover effect is affected by the heterogeneity of absorption capacity.Industrial agglomeration also can improve host country's international competitiveness through the economies of scale,the effect of talent aggregation,learning and knowledge the spillover effect,cost effect,but this relationship is non-linear and it may also inhibit the growth of relationship.In addition,foreign direct investment plays an important role in the relationship between industrial agglomeration and the international competitiveness through spillover effect and cumulative effect.(2)Whether it is from the overall development of Chinese overall manufacturing,or sub industry perspective,or the result of industrial international competitiveness Chinese manufacturing industry,they all show that Chinese manufacturing industry has a very significant growth momentum.However,China's manufacturing industry is in urgent need to get rid of "factor driven" the transition to "innovation driven",while technology intensive industry will become the biggest potential advantages products of China in global competition.(3)There is a long-term and stable relationship between foreign direct investment and international competitiveness,but carries on the analysis from the perspective of "number" and "quality",it showed two opposite results.On one hand,the more quantity of foreign direct investment,the more benefit to improving the international competitiveness;on the other hand,the relationship between quality of foreign direct investment and international competitiveness are significant negative correlation,in other world,the higher the quality of foreign direct investment,does not mean that can form a more competitive advantage.(4)When considering the heterogeneity of industrial absorptive capacity,whether it is "quantity" or "quality" dimension,they both have a significant moderating effect,the relationship was well explained.Only reach a certain level can FDI exert its spillover effect.In fact,the absorption capacity of Chinese manufacturing is not strong enough,so that China must continuously improve their absorption capacity to make foreign direct investment's spillover effect has done and to promote the international competitiveness of the industry upgrade.(5)Foreign direct investment can enhance international competitiveness by promoting the formation of industrial agglomeration;it means that there exists indirect effect,but only moderate industrial agglomeration can be conducive to the promotion of international competitiveness,excessive industrial agglomeration will inhibit the enhancement of international competitiveness.According to the above conclusions,in order to achieve the growth and transformation of the industry,it must promote the rational introduction and utilization of foreign direct investment.This research takes out some corresponding policy recommendations:(1)Combined with the source of foreign capital,investment mode,mode of trade to consider the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment,especially the government is not only to take "policy to introduce foreign capital market for technology",but also make a transformation from "foreign investment" to "foreign capital selection".(2)Enhancing the absorptive capacity of the industry,especially to improve and enhance the level of local human capital.Not only the guidance of government policy but also the enterprise management,it is necessary to provide strong policy support and protection from different dimensions in order to enhance the level of human capital and absorptive capacity of the industry.(3)To guide industrial agglomeration by the policy pertinence.Accordance with the characteristics and types of different industries to give different guidance to promote industrial agglomeration and orderly,and to avoid excessive concentration of negative effects.(4)Put the competitive advantage of different industries in our country into perspective,to build a world-class competitive advantage in the industry.And then relying on the current comparative advantage to open a positive attitude of our industries.Embeddedness on the global system of production division to build China's international competitive brand.(5)Deal with the contradiction between local independent innovation and foreign capital technology correctly,through the treatment of the relationship between foreign technology and domestic R&D to strengthen the strength of independent research and development,and enhance the ability of independent innovation. |
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