The Research On The Rural Poverty Reduction Effect Of Urbanization In China

Poverty is a common problem in the development of human society,and the problem of poverty is particularly prominent in developing countries.China as the largest developing countries in the world,poverty have once accounted for one fifth of the world's poor,but with the deepening of reform and opening-up,China's economy has achieved rapid growth,the rapid growth of the economy has made an important contribution in improving the income level of residents and reducing poverty.According to the latest poverty standard,which is 2300 yuan per capita net income of farmers(unchanged in 2010),the number of rural poor in China has decreased from 77 million in 1978 to 55.75 million in 2015,which has decreased by 92.8%,and it has made a significant contribution to the world's poverty alleviation.But it is worth noting that the China poverty scale is still relatively large,rural poverty situation is still very serious,especially in the harsh natural conditions,the poor economic base areas,it is particularly difficult to get rid of poverty.At the same time,affected by the economic slowdown,the labor-intensive industries employment situation closely related to the low income crowd is not optimistic,hindering the sustainable income growth of rural residents,and the pace of rural residents' poverty reduction is heavier.At the same time,the nineteen Party Congress report pointed out: "from now to 2020,China entered the building a moderately prosperous society in an extra period.It is our party's solemn commitment to make all the rural poor out of poverty under the current standard.It is also a hard task that must be completed,and there is no way out.At the same time,we must make the whole nation and even the people of the world universally recognized and able to stand the test of history”.Thus the poverty alleviation has become a key issue in the party and the people's attention,attention.The academic circles also investigate factors effecting rural poverty reduction from different perspective;most scholars have studied the factors that influence the alleviation of rural poverty from macro perspective,such as economic growth,income distribution and fiscal expenditure.There are also some scholars from the micro perspective to study,such as education level,health quality,work experience.Considering that China has entered a new normal period,and urbanization has become a new driving force for economic growth,then what is the effect of urbanization on rural poverty? The answer to this question is of great significance for the realization of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the new period.This paper focuses on the following four questions: first,investigate of the mechanism of urbanization effect on rural poverty;second,analysis of relationship between urbanization and rural poverty;third,compared of the mediating effects of urbanization on rural poverty;fourth,discuss the effect of urbanization mode on rural poverty alleviation.The main achievements of the study are as follows:1.This article explore the mechanism of urbanization of rural poverty from the factors influencing rural poverty,finally come to the conclusion that the development of urbanization alleviate rural poverty through optimizing the structure of farmers' income,enhancing the level of human capital,improving the infrastructure and social security.2.According to Panudulkitti's approach,the paper constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the relationship between urbanization and rural poverty,and concluded that urbanization and rural poverty finally showing a "U" relationship,and there is an optimal level of urbanization,which makes the urbanization play the most important role in the rural poverty alleviation.When the level of urbanization has not reached the optimum level,the development of urbanization is slowing down the rural poverty.When the level of urbanization exceeds the optimal water level,the development of urbanization is not conducive to the slowing down of rural poverty,and the "U" relationship is verified by the Chinese provincial panel data.3.The mediating effect test result of urbanization on rural poverty show that urbanization has a significant mediating effect on rural poverty,and the mediating effect of income structure,infrastructure and human capital on Urbanization in rural poverty is significant,and the mediating effect decreases in turn.However,the mediating effect of rural social security on Urbanization in rural poverty is not significant.It is also calculated that the optimal level of China's urbanization to slow down rural poverty is about 75%4.Decomposing the urbanization into the core cities and towns,further analysis of the impact of urbanization on rural poverty alleviation.From the national level,the development of towns is more conducive to the alleviation of rural poverty,from a regional perspective,there are significant differences,the development of towns in the eastern region is conducive to the mitigation of rural poverty,the development of the core cities in the central and western regions is more conducive to the alleviation of rural poverty.