Risk Generation Mechanism Of Complex Products And Systems Based On Stakeholder Perspective

In recent years,China has made remarkable achievements in the field of Complex of Product System(CoPS)R&D and manufacture,such as high-speed railway,manned spaceflight,commercial large aircraft,nuclear power,super computer and other.However,while these industries are developing at a high speed,risk accidents also occur.These risk accidents have not only hindered the rapid and healthy development of the CoPS industry,but also touched the sensitive nerve of the government and the masses.How to effectively resolve the CoPS innovation risk and help our country's CoPS industry develop well and quickly is a realistic problem to be solved urgently.In the research on the risk of CoPS,scholars have done a lot of useful exploration,but there are two problems,Firstly,the traditional risk management techniques and tools in the context of mass production are directly applied to CoPS innovation,less considered the characteristics of CoPS innovation.Secondly,the objective risk factors,such as complex technology,turbulence external environment and changeable market demands are more concerned about,and the subjective factors are less attention.Based on the reality and theory background,this paper takes the CoPS innovation project as the research object,focusing on "Why CoPS innovation risks occur and how to occur".From the subjective factors,this paper combines stakeholder theory and innovation network research,builds theoretical framework of "stakeholder network-opportunistic behavior-CoPS innovation risk".In particular,the theoretical framework can be subdivided into three sub topic to the following:In the context of CoPS innovation,what are the concepts,portrays and analytical methods of the stakeholder network?What is the static relationship between stakeholder network,opportunistic behavior and CoPS innovation risk?How does the stakeholder network,opportunistic behavior and CoPS innovation risk evolve dynamically in the whole process of innovation?In order to solve the above problems,based on the research questions,this paper reviews and sorts out the classic and recent literature in the field of CoPS innovation research,stakeholder theory and innovation network research,in order to find the theoretical gap and the breakthrough point.On this basis,the third chapter selects four CoPS innovation projects,and carries out exploratory case studies.Through case analysis and cross case analysis,combined with existing theoretical basis,preliminary theoretical framework is put forward.The fourth and the fifth chapters make a deeper theoretical analysis of the relevant theoretical literature,propose the theoretical framework and the hypothesis,and make use of the sixteen CoPS innovation projects data,and csQCA analysis method to make an empirical test of the hypothetical proposition.The sixth chapter introduces the research from static to dynamic,use longitudinal case studies to explore the dynamic evolution process of stakeholder network,opportunistic behavior and CoPS innovation risk in different innovation stages.Through the above research,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)In the context of CoPS innovation,the concept,portrayed method and analysis method of the stakeholder network.In this paper,stakeholder network in the context of CoPS innovation is defined as "in the process of CoPS innovation,a right network of composed by the integrator and its stakeholders with a certain structural feature".This paper proposes a semi structured interview and questionnaire as the main means of information collection,and use social network software to descripe stakeholder network.On this basis,a stakeholder network analysis method based on the stakeholder network structure(nuclear loose type,nuclear compact type,non-nuclear loose type and nuclear free compact type)and the right symmetry state of stakeholders network and stakeholders is proposed.(2)Stakeholder networks will induce stakeholder opportunistic behavior,which will lead to CoPS innovation risk.The results show that:? in a nuclear loose stakeholder network,when stakeholder network right is asymmetric,it will induce weak form dominant opportunistic behavior;? in a close nuclear stakeholder network,when stakeholder network right is asymmetrical,it will induce the strong and weak forms dominant opportunistic behavior;? In a nuclear free close stakeholder network,when stakeholder network right is asymmetric,it will induce the strong and weak forms dominant opportunistic behavior;? In non-nuclear loose type stakeholder network,when stakeholder network right is asymmetric,it will induce strong form dominant opportunistic behavior;?In the stakeholder network,whether the weak form dominant opportunistic behavior,the strong and weak forms dominant opportunistic behavior or the strong form dominant opportunistic behavior will lead to the CoPS innovation risk(cost rise,quality decline and time delay).(3)It clarifies the dynamic evolution process of stakeholder network in different innovation stages,as well as the opportunistic behavior and CoPS innovation risk.The empirical results show that:? different CoPS innovation stages correspond to different stakeholder networks,this difference is reflected not only in stakeholder network structure,but also in stakeholder network right and individual right;?The pursuit of the symmetry of right by the integrator and its stakeholders is the intrinsic driving force of the stakeholder network in the different stages of CoPS innovation;?When stakeholder individual right is asymmetric,likely through the implementation of opportunistic behavior to achieve the symmetry of individual right,and the stakeholder opportunistic behavior will be restricted by the stakeholder network structure so that the opportunistic behavior in the network are different(weak form dominant,strong and weak forms dominant and strong form dominant);?different types of opportunistic behavior can lead to CoPS innovation risk.Compared with the existing research,the innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following two aspects:(1)on the key concepts,the stakeholder network(as well as the interest,power,network right,individual right,right symmetric and right asymmetric)and stakeholder opportunistic behavior are defined,The method of measuring and depicting stakeholder networks in the context of CoPS and the dynamic evolution analysis method of stakeholder network are proposed.which promotes stakeholder theory from individual and relational levels to the network;(2)In the perspective of research,in order to open the black box of CoPS innovation risk from subjective factor,this paper combines the macro innovation network and micro stakeholder theory,not only emphasizes the restriction of macro innovation network on stakeholder behavior,but also emphasizes the influence of stakeholders' intrinsic right(attribute)on stakeholder behavior.