| With the fact that the equipment manufacturing industry in China has gained the scale ranking first in the world,the relative low innovation ability has proved the inability of the overall industrial situation.As innovation has become the key factor in the development of substantial economy,some representive developed countries have claimed the back of heavy industry with high attention on innovation,like the reindustrialization of the USA and the Germany industry 4.0.Facing the international challenge,China has developed the policy of "Made in China 2025",aiming to update the industrial competence.In China,it has been realised that accumulation of internal research and development resources to realize self-development is a long process with high investment and risk.Enterprises have to make full use of the backward advantage through technology introduction,digestion,and absorption.However,the successful experience of Japan and South Korea have raised the vigilance of developed countries,this kind of pattern no longger works anymore,which can be seen from the estabilishment of joint venture and the failure introduce of foreign core technology.In this case,cross-border mergers and acquisitions(CBMAs)have become an effective way to abtain core technology from developed countries.The financial crisis has a bad impact on the capital chain of developed countries,which has created the opportunity for China to merge and acquire.As a specific form and characteristic of globalization,CBMAs can help enterprises gain foreign advanced technology,the core products and high-end market rapidly.With the speeding up of the technology update speed and continuously shortening of the product cycle,CBMAs become important supplement for backwardness enterprise in internal research and development,and the Chinese engineering machinery industry has made outstanding performance in CMBAs to cope with the rapid changes of the international market.With the continuous development of globalization and science and technology,the production,distribution and use of knowledge play an increasingly important role in regional economic growth.As the stimulation and implementation of innovation is closely related to the environment and space,strategic cooperation model has fulfilled the importance of innovation network,which can be seen as a basic system arrangement of systemic innovation,market and organization permeable medium.The geographical pattern of enterprise innovation have also evolved from a single measure of the local and global binary into the integration of "global localization".In the global-local innovation network,actors in a certain industry connect from different locations.However,related research about its internal mechanism explanation is fragmental,with the lack of illumination in relationship between multidimensional space scale and the evolution of innovation network from the microcosmic perspective.At the same time,the existing theory focus on developed countries and large multinational companies,China and other emerging economies deserve more attention according to the significant differences between enterprises.Meanwhile,the role of transnational mergers and acquisitions in different spatial dimensions of enterprises is not very clear.Therefore,we can not help but ask,how can CBMAs drive the evolution of enterprise innovation networks,what the periodic characteristics,the change of space structure and network structure for China's construction machinery industry after CBMAs.In this paper,the CBMAs on Chinese engeering machinery have been studied with the joint invention patent from 1985 to 2017,the inteview data from related trade shows,including China construction machinery industry in 2015 ~ 2017,Bauma China in 2016~2017,CIROS in 2017.Based on relevant theories in economic geography,using social network software UCINET,Gephi and spatial analysis software ArcGIS to illustrate the evolution of innovation network after CBMA,conclusions have been drawn as follows:First,CBMAs have influenced the evolution of the global-local innovation network of China's engineering machinery industry.(1)The firms always act as the lead role in the innovation network.After the CBMA,firms within the enterprise group tend to cooperate more from different spatial scales,as the similirity stimulates the sharing and circulation of knowlegde and other internal resources.The acquired and acquiring enterprise prefer to set up Chinese joint venture enterprises to merge innovation resources,which makes it an important source of innovation and knowledge sharing platform and the leader in the cooperation with overseas actors.(2)As to the network structure,the innovation network shows the characteristics of high uniform level and obvious core-edge structure.Core actors has higher innovation ability and diversified partners.With the increase in the number of group cooperation,the innovation network shows the characteristics of modularization.Due to the large number of technical categories involved in the construction machinery industry and diversified integration and product customization,DUI cooperation based on the industrial chain has become the most important innovation mode.(3)The spatial structure of the innovation network has been decided by the uneven spatial distribution of science and technology resources,which has driven the enterprise to find partners in farther scale.Limited by the overall market scope and development stage of China,the regional scale,especially the national scale,is still the main innovation space,and the provincial scale is the least important.Cooperation in the global scale is increasing for scarce resources,among which Germany is the most important innovation platform for China.The Pearl River delta,the Yangtze river delta and Qingdao urban agglomeration has become the core aera to innovate as well as the main subect to seek overseas partners because of its strong innovation capability,high degree of opening to the outside world.(4)The interaction of multidimensional space scale has promoted the evolution of the global-local innovation network,the division of labor from different space.With various resources flowing through different spatial scale,the local area and the acquired enterprise in developed countries dominate on research and development,and production has been practised in domestic and other less developed areas due to cost advantage.Secondly,CBMAs has made an effect on the innovation network influnced by target attribute,the integration and resource allocation and so on.The evolution of innovation network need four stages and screening potential acquisition targets is the first step.The complementation of the innovation resources and cooperation history will influence the enterprise choice.On the second phase,weak integration is the best choice for both sides to share knoeledge and communicae in the early integration,mainly including the frequent flow of personnel and developers of infiltration.In this stage,the size and structure of the new enterprise innovation network will not have substantial changes.In the third stage,with the new emgence of the joint venture company and sales office,the new joint venture entity helps further integration and provides a comprehensive platform to accelerate technology transfer and innovation interaction,promoting the construction of innovation network and the improvement of ability,expanding global innovation network.In the fourth stage,the enterprise will strengthen the interaction between global and local scales.Generally speaking,the enterprise's R&D center locate in China or acquirer's city in developed areas,and production base locate in domestic and other less developed areas due to cost advantage.Innovation cooperation from different space constantly upgrade to promote the evolution of global-local innovation networks.Thirdly,the effect of CBMAs on the evolution of the innovation network relates to the integration strategies.The CBMA objects of China's engineering machinery industry is characterised with a long history,marketing all over the world,and absolute technical superiority of established enterprises,and most of them locate in areas with most enriched innovation resources.After the CBMA,the enterprises absorb valuable talents,making full use of local resources,continuously improving their innovation level,and holding core position of the network structure.As a result,the characteristics of a hierarchical network gradually shown.By sharing marketing channels and technology knowledge,strengthening talent communication and project cooperation,joint entities have been set up both at home and abroad.The joint venture enterprises has become the leader in the innovation network,contributes to group cooperation and the modularity innovation.By controlling the resources of the enterprise,with the flow of innovation resources and increase of innovation cooperation,the brand effect has enlarged and the statue in the network has gain a rise.Meanwhile,the innovation on the national scale increase obviously.At the same time,overseas innovation base as the tentacles has a mediating role in the extension of the global connection.The dissertation has raised several suggestions at last.Firstly,this article no longer treat the proximity between actors as the driven force to promote the updating of innovation network,but start from view of CBMAs to prove the importance of organizational structure of the enterprises.Secondly,studies about CBMAs center on management and accounting,the paper draw the role of space to enrich its study and provide a new research direction.Thirdly,as China's engineering machinery industry being in urgent need to achieve transformation,CBMAs turns out to be an effective way to upgrade innovation and comprehensive studies have been made to bring inspiration for relative firms. |
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