| Chinese government attaches great importance to the national food and nutrition cause,and formulates a series of programmatic documents,which put food nutrition and health in an important position affecting people?s well-being and economical and social development.The reality shows that our country?s urban areas are currently at the stage of degenerative diseases.Whether policy guidance or reality,all put forward an urgent demand for the establishment of food system guided by nutrition and health.Since nutrient intake of meat consumption has an important impact on health,meat consumption of urban residents in our country occupies an important position in the overall food consumption system,which is of great significance for building food system guided by nutrition and health.Therefore,it is ripe to study the influencing factors of meat consumption of urban residents under the goal of nutrition and health.So far,most domestic researches on meat consumption only treat income and price as the key factors influencing meat consumption;but domestic research on meat consumption from the perspective of nutrition and health is scarce.If meat consumption is predicated on nutrition and health,defined by approaching or deviating the goal of nutrition and health and limited to the scope of urban areas with a high level of socioeconomic development,however,can income play a promoting role significantly in the process of meat consumption toward the goal of nutrition and health? A lot of foreign literature studying food consumption from the perspective of nutrition and health shows that education and information often have an important impact on food consumption,therefore,do education and information play a more crucial role in this process? If they do,at which promotion stage does education become the key variable in promoting meat consumption toward the goal of nutrition and health? How do different types of information play a role? In the process above,what is the relationship between income and information,and what is it between education and information? This thesis studies the above problems,using data from CHNS and survey data from 4 cities of Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen and Zhengzhou,and utilizing mean regression,quantile regression,choice experiment and random parameter logit model,draws the following conclusions:Firstly,the results of income and education factors` affecting the mean level of consumption of meat with different fat content indicate that,for every 1% increase in household income per capita,consumption of meat with lower fat increases by 0.19%,consumption of meat with lowest fat decreases by 0.31%,consumption of meat with higher fat decreases by0.08%.In terms of consumption of meat with highest fat which has the greatest threat to the goal of nutrition and health,the impact of income has become insignificant;consumption of meat with highest fat is declining step by step in the process of improving education degree from junior school to bachelor and above: consumption of senior school degree has decreased by 1.43% compared with junior school degree,bachelor degree and above has decreased by7.49% compared with senior school and college degree.In the process of meat consumption toward the goal of nutrition and health,income factor has not shown a promoting effect significantly,while education factor has shown the potential to play a promoting role.The impact of income and education on structure of meat consumption is revealed by analyzing the impact of these two factors on the different quantile levels of consumption of meat of five types.For every 1% increase in household income per capita,low quantile level of meat with lowest fat decreases by 0.35%,which should be increased to approach the structure of nutrition and health,income factor has no significant effects on low and high quantile levels of consumption of other meat.In the process of improving education degree from junior school to bachelor and above,low quantile level of meat consumption with lowest fat has increased by9.97%;in the process of improving education degree from senior school and college to bachelor and above,high quantile level of meat consumption with highest fat has decreased by 2.12%.In the process of improving education degree from junior school to senior school and college,low quantile level of meat with medium fat has increased,while medium and high quantile levels have decreased,which just shows the education factor has the fuction of reasonably adjusting the structure of meat consumption.Education factor has shown a positive effect in the process of promoting meat consumption structure to a higher proportion of low fat and a lower proportion of high fat,while income factor has not shown such an effect.Secondly,in terms of impact of income and education factors on mean level of nutrient intake due to meat consumption,for every 1% increase in household income per capita,fat intake decreases by 0.07%;but the income factor has no significant effect on protein and cholesterol intake.In the process of improving education degree from junior school to bachelor and above,fat intake is declining step by step: senior school and college degree has decreased by 6.57% compared with junior school degree,bachelor degree and above has decreased by10.73% compared with senior school and college degree.The influence of education factor on protein and cholesterol intake is shown as,in the process of improving education degree from junior school to senior school and college,protein and cholesterol intake has decreased: protein intake of senior school and college degree has decreased by 6.53% compared with junior school degree;cholesterol intake of senior school and college degree has decreased by 5.06%compared with junior school degree.Although the impact on the mean intake of the three nutrients can?t fully explain the role of income and education factors in the process of meat consumption toward the goal of nutrition and health,but the above results can reflect to a certain extent that,income factor has had a less comprehensive effect on intake amount of fat,cholesterol and protein than education factor.Low and high levels of nutrient intake include cases of insufficient and excessive nutrient intake respectively,which easily lead to higher health risks,the roles of income and education in the process of meat consumption toward the goal of nutrition and health are further revealed by analyzing the impact of each factor on different quantile levels of each nutrient intake.The regression results of low,medium and high quantile levels indicate that,for every 1% increase in household income per capita,the low quantile level of fat intake has decreased by 0.09%,the medium quantile level has decreased by 0.06%;the impact of income on the high quantile level of fat intake has become insignificant instead.In the process of improving education degree from junior school to senior school and college,low quantile level of fat intake has increased:senior school and college degree has increased by 1.28% compared with junior school degree;in the process of improving education degree from junior school to bachelor and above,high quantile level of fat intake is declining step by step: senior school and college degree has decreased by 3.07% compared with junior school degree,bachelor degree and above has decreased by 12.07% compared with senior school and college degree.In the process of improving education degree from senior school and college to bachelor and above,low quantile level of protein intake has increased: bachelor and above degree has increased by 0.5%compared with senior school and college degree;income factor has no significant effects on any quantile levels of protein intake.From junior school degree,with the gradual improvement of education level,the high quantile level of cholesterol intake has gradually decreased: senior school and college degree has decreased by 10.1% compared with junior school degree,bachelor degree and above has decreased by 6.43% compared with senior school and college degree;but income factor has no significant effect on high quantile level of cholesterol intake.Compared with income factor,education factor has played a more significantly promoting role in the process of meat consumption toward the goal of nutrition and health.Thirdly,this thesis treats meat dietary nutrition knowledge as the approximate representative of information from social environment.In the process of improving education degree from junior school and below to senior school and college,score of meat dietary nutrition knowledge has increased by 1.37;in the process of improving education degree from bachelor to master and above,the score has increased by 1.13;while income factor lacks asignificant effect on scores.The mean value of marginal utility of beef brisket ribs of high scorers is 0.8465,the preference coefficient is positive,illustrating that compared with other people,high scorers of meat dietary nutrition knowledge prefer beef brisket ribs,whose preference content is meat with high protein and low fat,which accords with the goal of nutrition and health;low scorers of meat dietary nutrition knowledge haven?t shown significant preference for beef brisket ribs,beef tendons and chicken breasts,they have shown significant preference for pork belly and chicken wings,therefore compared with other people,low scorers haven?t shown significant preference for meat with high protein and low fat,which deviates from the goal of nutrition and health.Fourthly,this thesis mainly displays information from commercial environment in the form of nutrition labels of raw frozen meat and poultry(including fresh and frozen meat and poultry,processed meat not included).After showing the nutrition composition table,the preference content of high scorers is still meat with high protein and low fat,the preference content has not changed compared with when nutrition composition table is not displayed.While after showing the nutrition composition table,the preference coefficient of high scorers for beef brisket ribs has increased from 0.8465 to 1.2819,the preference intensity has been intensified;simultaneously the preference for beef tendons has changed from insignificant when nutrition composition table is not displayed to significant.After showing the nutrition composition table,the preference coefficient of low scorers for meat with low fat and high protein are still insignificant.The above results illustrate that as the approximate representative of information from social environment,the level of meat dietary nutrition knowledge determines and influences preference content of consumers with high scores and low scores.;however,as the important information from commercial environment,the nutrition composition table of raw frozen meat and poultry can not change the preference content of these two groups,and they can only intensify the preference on the basis of the existing preference content.Therefore the consumption behavior of high scorers is more likely to meet the goal of nutrition and health;while the consumption behavior of low scorers is less likely to achieve the goal of nutrition and health.Based on the above conclusions,education factor plays an important role in activating the overall situation in the construction of meat consumption system guided by nutrition and health,the positive potential of education factor in this process should be vigorously stimulated,and simultaneously exerting its linkage promotion on information factor.Therefore the following policy recommendations are put forward: the policy focus should be shifted from increasing income toward equalizing educational resources,“food and nutrition education” system shouldbe established,and mandatory nutrition labeling of raw frozen meat and poultry(including fresh and frozen meat and poultry,processed meat not included)should be carried out. |
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