| The Man Who Gain Standard Will Gain the World.The increasingly fierce competition in the global market has been no longer limited to technical competition,but more expanded to standard competition in the context of a new round of technological and industrial change.Standards have risen to the basic,leading and strategic position related to industrial development,becoming an important part of the industrial development strategy by breaking through the limitations of traditional product exchange and quality evaluation basis.The transformation and integration of patent and standard has great strategic value to its owners which is crucial to the dissemination and application of enterprise innovation achievements,is related to enterprise innovation performance,and becomes the key for enterprises to obtain and maintain competitive advantage and promote industrial innovation and upgrading.At present,many countries have taken the transformation and integration of patents and standards as an important driving force to seize standards,enhance national competitiveness and realize innovation driven development with the increasingly prominent role of patents and standards.There is no doubt that the implementation of patent and standardization strategy has become an important force to lead and promote the high-quality innovation and development of Chinese enterprises in the new era.The only way to further promote the supply side structural reform,accelerate the transformation of economic development mode,promote the transformation and upgrading of "made in China" to "made in China intelligently" and "made in China qualitatively",improve the quality and efficiency of economic development,enhance China’s international competitiveness and control the world’s discourse power.A large number of studies have found that the number of patents is the guarantee for enterprises to transform and integrate their patents and standards.Only the continuous accumulation of a considerable number of patents can provide the most basic guarantee for the transformation and integration between the two.An important prerequisite for China to become one of the leading countries of the fifth generation mobile communication(5G)international technical standards is that Chinese enterprises own a large number of patent stocks,which reflects that the technical standards with patent as the backing have become an important magic weapon for an enterprise and a country to win in the international competition.However,in terms of the total number of patents and standards in China,although the number of patent applications in China ranks first in the world,the number of international standards is only 1%.The vast majority of Chinese enterprise patents are still "sleeping in the drawer",and they are not fully distributed,which shows the competitive advantages of patent stock,patent standardization and standard internationalization.This makes us think:why is the patent stock of Chinese enterprises not in proportion to the ownership of international standards?In the innovation and development of Chinese enterprises,what kind of transformation and integration relationship exists between patents and standards and how this relationship affects the innovation and development of enterprises.In practice,there are differences in the types of patents and standards.Does this have an impact on the transformation and integration of patents and standards?As an important external situational factor affecting the behavior of enterprises,the government plays an important role in the process of transformation and integration of enterprise patents and standards.It can influence the transformation and integration of enterprise patents and standards by means of institutional supply,resource allocation and public services.How can the government better serve the transformation and integration of enterprise patents and standards to help enterprises obtain the best innovation performance and achieve high-quality innovation driven by standards?To answer the above questions,this study carried out three systematic sub studies based on the existing research and combined with the detailed classification of patent and standard types.First,focusing on the impact of enterprise patent types and standard types on their transformation relationship by investigating the relationship between different types of patents and various standards.Second,this paper examines how various standards affect the relationship between different types of patents and differentiated innovation performance based on the intermediary mechanism,which aims to answer whether there are differences in the role-playing of enterprise standards between different types of patents and the pursuit of differentiated innovation performance.Thirdly,the paper investigates the regulatory effect of horizontal and vertical government involvement on the transformation of enterprise patents and standards,and how the regulatory effect affects the indirect effect of conditions on enterprise innovation performance through standards by introducing the factor of government involvement.In conclusion,based on distinguishing the types of patents and standards,this paper deeply analyzes the influence mechanism of different types of generic standards on the performance of differentiated innovation,as well as the external situational factors-the role of government involvement in this process.The main conclusions are as follows,First,no matter invention patent or non-invention patent,there is a positive correlation between the enterprise patent stock and various standards hosted by the enterprise,which shows the trend of integration of patent and standards,but the impact of various patents on various standards is different.From the perspective of the same patent type,whether it is invention patent or non-invention patent,its largest influence on the three kinds of standards is the industry standards,followed by the national standards,and the smallest is the international standards.From the same type of standards,the impact of invention patents on various standards is greater than that of non-invention patents.According to the further test of industry types,it is found that the positive impact of invention patents owned by strategic emerging industries on international standards and national standards is significantly greater than that of non strategic emerging industries,while the positive impact on industry standards is less than that of non strategic emerging industries;the positive impact of non-invention patents owned by non strategic emerging industries on national standards is greater than that of strategic emerging industries.However,the positive impact on international standards of both groups of enterprises failed to pass the significance test.Second,based on the intermediary mechanism of enterprise standards,the analysis of the impact of enterprise patents on the performance of differentiated innovation:(1)Different types of patents have different effects on the performance of differentiated innovation.The impact of invention patents on radical innovation performance is greater than that of non-invention patents,while the impact of non-invention patents on incremental innovation performance is greater than that of invention patents.(2)Different types of standards have different effects on the performance of differentiated innovation.International standards have no significant impact on radical innovation performance and incremental innovation performance.However,national standards and industry standards have significant positive impact on radical innovation performance and incremental innovation performance.From the same standard category,the impact of standards on incremental innovation performance is greater than that of radical innovation performance,but from the comparison of various standards,the impact of national standards on radical innovation performance is greater than that of industry standards,while the impact of industry standards on incremental innovation performance is greater than that of national standards.(3)There are differences in the intermediary effect of various standards of enterprises.Whether for invention patents or non-invention patents,the intermediary effect of international standards has not passed Sobel test;while national standards and industry standards all play the role of intermediary effect in the relationship between enterprise invention patents,non-invention patents and enterprise differentiated innovation performance,but the degree of intermediary effect is different.Third,the moderating effect of government involvement situation on the relationship between knowledge transformation and innovation performance shows that:The investment of science and technology project funds in horizontal government involvement and vertical government involvement can promote the transformation of enterprise invention patents to national and industrial standards,and can also enhance the indirect effect of invention patents on enterprise’s innovation performance which is through various standards of enterprises.While the resources of scientific research institutions in the vertical government involvement have a significant positive impact on the national standards and industry standards,but they have a significant negative impact on the national standards and industry standards,weakening the indirect effect of invention patents on the differential innovation performance of enterprises.However,neither horizontal government involvement nor vertical government involvement has played a regulatory role in the transformation of enterprise invention patents and national standards,and the regulatory effect on enterprise invention patents and international standards is not significant.The main implications are as follows,Firstly,based on the classification of patent and standard types,this paper reveals the transformation relationship between different types of patents and standards in enterprises in detail,breaking through the limitations of existing research focusing on the relationship between patent stock and standard total.Results show that the transformation coefficient between the enterprise invention patent and the various standards of the enterprise is greater than that of the non-invention patent.Therefore,enterprises should pay attention to the innovation,advanced nature and practicability of innovation,especially in the low level of international standards participation of Chinese enterprises.But at the same time,while highlighting the innovation achievements of invention patents,enterprises cannot ignore non-invention patents.The non-invention patents are also the basis for enterprises to participate in the transformation of various standards,which can also promote the standardization ability of enterprises.Secondly,from the perspective of "intermediary mechanism”,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of various patents and differentiated innovation performance.For enterprises pursuing different innovation performance,the focus of the standard types of participation is also different.For enterprises pursuing incremental innovation performance they should pay more attention to participating in the formulation of industry standards;while for enterprises pursuing radical innovation performance,they should pay more attention to participating in the formulation of national standards.At the same time,enterprises with different types of patent resources should pay attention to the optimization and matching of patent types and standard categories:to promote the transformation of invention patents to national standards,non-invention patents to industry standards.Thirdly,it analyzes the micro mechanism of government in the transformation and integration of enterprise patent and standard and the relationship between government and differentiated innovation performance.Government plays an essential role in the process of the transformation and integration of enterprise patents and standards.The government should give full play to the main role of enterprises,provide a good external business environment for enterprises to carry out innovation activities,promote the transformation between enterprise patents and standards,and promote enterprises to achieve high-quality innovation driven by standards. |
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