Motor protein applications in biotechnology: Molecular concentrator for protein detection

The advancement of modern miniaturized analysis system has lead to low-cost, small sample volume, and fast reaction time devices for the genomic analysis. In protein analysis, however, there are numerous challenges for effectively implementing miniaturized analysis assays and systems. Of particular importance to miniaturized technology is the capability of monitoring and analyzing small amount of proteins. In contrast to DNA, where ultrasensitive PCR-amplifiction is available, detection of low abundance proteins is extremely challenging due to the absence of effective amplification mechanisms/methods. Traditional instruments for biomolecular analysis cannot achieve sufficiently high sensitivity because of the limitation of sensor performance and high optoelectrical background noises. Methods permitting ultra-low concentration detection of biomolecules are urgently needed in modern biomolecular sensing and diagnosis for protein analysis, virus detection, and environmental monitoring. This necessitates development of new technologies.; Biomolecular motor proteins, like microtubules-based kinesins, are nanoscale motors that convert chemical energy from aqueous environment to mechanical energy. Their compact size and robust movement in vitro provide intriguing opportunities for the implementation of motor protein-based hybrid devices for miniaturized biological analysis systems. By integrating motor proteins in a microfabricated system, this research develops a novel technology to overcome current technological shortcomings associated with low concentration biomolecular detection. The developed technology utilizes both biomolecular nanotechnology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology specifically tailored for motor-protein-based mass transport nanosystems. Major contributions of this research include (1) development of statistical models for microfluidic channel-based motion guiding and sorting of kinesin-driven microtubules and (2) identification of materials and MEMS device process protocols compatible with biomolecular systems. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)...