| The work presented here is an investigation of the wake flow field over a DARPA SUBOFF submarine model at a large range of Reynolds numbers based on model length, 1.1x106 ≤ ReL ≤ 25 x 106, on the centerline of the wake for locations 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 diameters downstream from the tail. The model is an axisymmetric body without appendages (fins) supported by a streamlined support. The support models the flow of a semi-infinite sail. The wake experimental results, obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and crossed hot-wires, provide qualitative and quantitative insight into the flow field created by a submarine. In addition, the pressure was measured at 45 different locations along the submarine model for three different Reynolds numbers, ReL = 1.1 x 10 6, 12 x 106, and 25 x 106. Also, PIV measurements were conducted in the wake of the sail attached to a DARPA SUBOFF submarine model at ReL = 93.6 x 10 3. Four different yaw angles, 6 ≤ alpha ≤ 17, were investigated yielding insights into the behavior of the junction/hull and sail tip vortices.; For all Reynolds numbers studied, the mean velocity distribution attains self-similarity at distances between 3 and 6 diameters downstream for the side where the support is not located, and follows an exponential function as expected from similarity arguments. In contrast, the mean velocity distribution for the support side does not attain self similarity, and displays significant effects of the support wake and support/body junction flows. In addition, none of the Reynolds stress distributions of the flow attain self similarity. For the higher Reynolds numbers studied the presence of the support introduces an asymmetry into the wake which results in the overall decrease of radial and axial turbulence intensities for the support side. Also, the coefficient of pressure, CP, distribution along the top meridian line of the model, r/D > 0, is generally lower for ReL = 1.1 x 106 than that for ReL = 12 x 10 6 and 25 x 106, which seem to have collapsed. The sail wake experiments demonstrated the significance of the sail tip vortex when the submarine is at a nonzero yaw angle. As the yaw angle is increased the circulation of the sail tip vortex increases. As the yaw angle is further increased the boundary layer separates from the sail with an overall drop in circulation. A similar phenomenon is observed for the junction vortex with the exception that when the yaw angle is further increased to 17 degrees the circulation continues to increase at a slower rate. Also, the circulation values for the sail tip vortex are about an order of magnitude larger than those of the junction vortex.; The effects of the support on the wake development are similar to the effects introduced by the sail on a submarine wake (except for the absence of the tip flow). The presence of the support affects the flow differently for different Reynolds numbers emphasizing the importance of high Reynolds number studies to better understand submarine flows. |
