Arthritis in rural communities: Correlates of physical activity

Background and Rationale. Arthritis affects over 46 million individuals in the United States and is the leading cause of disability. Despite the lack of clear standards for levels and types of PA appropriate for individuals with arthritis, evidence suggests that PA can have significant health benefits. Rural communities may offer unique challenges for people with arthritis to participate in PA. This study investigated factors that influence physical activity (PA) in people with arthritis living in rural communities and set the stage for studies with larger representative samples. Among arthritis studies, this project was unusual in its focus on individuals from rural areas, with community research participation throughout the project. Specific aims. (1) identify correlates of PA in individuals with arthritis in rural communities of east and northeast Colorado, (2) quantify current types and intensity of physical activity, (3) enhance findings through the participation of community partners. Methods. This study employed a cross-sectional survey completed by 119 participants and was guided by a Rural Arthritis Committee (RAC) comprised of residents from the involved counties. Survey instruments included the previously validated AIMS2, Lorig's Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, PA questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Environmental Supports for Physical Activity Questionnaire, and in addition, a PA and Arthritis Questionnaire based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior that was piloted and analyzed prior to inclusion. Findings. Rural community members from diverse geographical locations effectively engaged in health-related research. Sixty-seven percent of respondents reported time increments of weekly PA and 73% of this subgroup met weekly PA recommendations through non-work PA. A higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity than State averages was reported. Independent variables were not significantly associated with time spent in PA except minutes of vigorous non-work PA with attitude about PA. Implications. A process for engaging community members in chronic disease research has been established. PA self-report measurement tools may not be optimal in this population. PA levels appear to be higher in this sub-population than previous literature suggests. Additional mixed methods research may elucidate correlates of PA.