Inverse methods applied to space based remote sensing data: Methods and case studies

We present here a general approach to passive space based remote sensing. This approach can be applied to a wide variety of instruments and measurement regimes. Although the physical principles of measurement systems vary widely, there is an underlying mathematical framework that can be used to interpret the output from these systems. We lay out this framework and demonstrate a systematic approach for applying established inverse techniques to practical remote sensing problems. At the heart of this framework is the combination of a generalized model for remote sensing observations and extensively documented inverse methods. Techniques are included for optimizing and verifying the inverse methods being applied. Three case studies from different disciplines using different types of instruments are used to illustrate the flexibility and applicability of our methods. Background material for these various disciplines is included to provide context for the measurements. We recommend on system engineering strategies are included that use the underlying framework to optimize the cost and effectiveness of sensing systems under development.