Ancient Greek and Roman naval victory monuments

Identifying 103 monuments that commemorate Greek and Roman naval victories this study greatly expands the number of such memorials featured in most discussions of Greek and Roman victory monuments. It draws new conclusions about individual monuments, groups of monuments and the tradition of Greek and Roman naval victory monuments as a whole through a discussion encompassing four criteria: morphology, iconography, topography and historical setting.;Chapter 1 discusses the words used to denote naval victory monuments in Greek and Latin literature and epigraphy, as well as the cultural phenomena of festivals and spectacles celebrating victory at sea. Chapter 2 examines Archaic naval victory monuments and introduces commemorative practices and memorial types with cross-cultural variations lasting over 1000 years. Chapter 3 focuses on both non-trophy and trophy types of Classical naval victory memorials, which exhibit the greatest number and diversity of morphology. Chapter 4 covers Hellenistic naval victory monuments, an identifiable record of Rome's rise to naval dominance over all other Mediterranean states. Chapter 5 analyzes Imperial Roman naval victory monuments by focusing on their unprecedented scale, spectator capacity and ability (e.g. Nicopolis) to alter whole landscapes.;The conclusions chapter has two sections. The first focuses on the overall contributions made by the discussions of this study's five main criteria. For example, ancient authors considered naval victory monuments polysemous with meanings ranging from peace to moral decline. The iconography of such memorials includes both naval and non-naval imagery, producing a symbolically rich corpus. Their topographical settings highlight both diachronic fluctuations in dedicatory practices and shifts in centers of political power. The second section examines the dedicators of these monuments. Greek dedicators progress from only state involvement to individuals far outnumbering their collective counterparts. Roman state and individual dedicators set up a combination of traditional and innovative memorials overridingly situated in Rome. The Catalogue presents detailed treatments of 103 naval victory monuments, including those which are doubtful or false. Appendix I presents the literary references in both the original Greek and Latin and the author's translations. Appendix II provides the same information for the epigraphic record.