| A centrifuge modeling study was conducted on seismically induced liquefaction and lateral spreading, and to correlate both liquefaction triggering and lateral spreading of normally consolidated, overconsolidated and pre-shaken saturated clean sand deposits. Parallel centrifuge modeling of the cone penetration tests (CPT) was performed on the same deposits. This CPT modeling was performed with an in-flight CPT system developed in this research. The CPT and liquefaction lateral spreading data were correlated. These centrifuge based correlations provide the basis for reliable CPT based charts to predict liquefaction triggering, thickness of liquefied layer and amount of lateral spreading in the field for a given ground slope, soil condition and acceleration level. Both overconsolidation and pre-shaking are incorporated into these prediction charts. The charts were compared with charts already available for liquefaction triggering. All centrifuge testing was conducted at the RPI 100 g-ton centrifuge using the inclined laminar box, electro-hydraulic shaker, and in-flight cone penetrometer systems. |
