| Oxidative stress is a major part of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The endogenous antioxidative defence is formed of multiple enzymes that have to protect cellular integrity. Paraoxonases (PON1, 2 and 3) are antioxidant enzymes that have recently been identified throughout the digestive tract, but their roles remain unclear in the intestine. Intestinal Caco-2/15 cells, which have the capacity to differentiate and exhibit the functionality of the small intestine, were used to study PON's regulation. Cells were treated with various physiological effectors (cytokines, lipopolysaccharides, oxidative stress) and pharmacological molecules (fibrates, thiazolidinediones) and gene and protein expression were determined. Results obtained showed that PONs are distinctly modulated especially by inflammation and oxidative stress and suggests that they could play different roles in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. PONs regulation has also been the main topic of a review article. Our results and the literature pointed to PON2 as the most important PON for intestinal health. To better define PON2 functions in the intestine, PON2 expression was knocked-down using lentiviral infection and plasmids containing anti-PON2 shRNA. In the relative absence of PON2, Caco-2/15 cells were more susceptible towards induction of oxidative stress, the inflammatory response was exacerbated and cell permeability seemed altered. All of these components are major players involved in the development of human IBD. Moreover, Caco-2/15 cells were treated with purified PON2, which increased their antioxidative defence. All of these results suggest that PONs are implicated in the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells and makes them potentially important players for the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD.;Keywords : paraoxonase, intestine, regulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, lentiviral knockdown... |
