| Control systems are underdetermined systems of n ordinary differential equations (ODEs), x&d2;=f x,u, 1 that show up in the design of electrical and mechanical systems, among other things. The variables x whose time evolution is determined by the ODEs are called state variables, while the "free parameters" u are called control variables. A control system can be viewed as a submanifold Sigma of the tangent bundle of the state space in the following way: given a manifold M and a curve x : I → M, we say that x is a solution to the system Sigma ⊂ TM if (x( t), x˙(t)) lies in Sigma for all t ∈ I. The map Rs → TxM given by u (x, f(x, u)) is a parametrization of Sigmax = Sigma ∩ TxM with the parameters u seen as local coordinates on Sigmax.;A dynamic equivalence takes trajectories of one system, x˙ = f (x, u), to those of another, y˙ = g(y, v), and back again via maps between jet spaces which allow state derivatives to get mixed in: &parl0;x,u,u&d2;,&ldots;,u J &parr0; y&parl0;x,u,u&d2;,&ldots;, uJ &parr0;. Through the defining equation (1), derivatives of state variables can be expressed in terms of control variables and their derivatives as well. Static (feedback) equivalence, which is a diffeomorphism of the state space, is a special case when y = y(x).;Up to dynamic equivalence at the first jet level (J = 0), i.e. x = x(y, v) and y = y(x, u), my results classify all affine linear control systems, x&d2;=f0 x+ui fix , of at most three states and two controls through the use of Cartan's method of equivalence. My main result is that every affine linear control system of three states and two controls falls into one of three classes under dynamic equivalence. The numbered rows represent these three classes. The entries in each row are systems that, while dynamically equivalent, are not statically equivalent.*;*Please refer to dissertation for Table. |
