| This study draws upon the concept of civil society to investigate how nonformal adult education offered through voluntary organizations discourages or encourages the development of civil society in Hungary. Since the demise of Soviet-style socialism in 1989-1990, the number of voluntary organizations in Hungary has exploded as has the intense interest on rebuilding civil society.;The research traces the historical, political-philosophical development of the idea of civil society as well as discusses its tradition in Hungary. It is demonstrated that in Hungary voluntary organizations reserve an important place within the civil society. Further, the traditional and current role of voluntary organizations as providers of nonformal adult education in Hungary is also established. Thus, the link between civil society, voluntary organizations, and nonformal adult education is achieved. The relationship is dynamic; each exerts influence on the others.;The data revealed that a class of individuals in Hungary identifies themselves as "intellectuals" especially qualified to lead nonformal adult education and voluntary organization activities. They are not workers or peasants; rather, they claim a heightened cultural position from which they are able to more successfully navigate the complexities of everyday life. Indeed, life during the current economic, social, and political transformation in Hungary is wrought with uncertainties and opportunities.;The role of these intellectuals is fully explored in light of the data which revealed a trend towards the professionalization of voluntary organization leaders and nonformal adult educators. Further, participants of this study promulgated "market thinking," i.e., uncritical support of the developing market economy. This they accomplish by a concentrated focus on the "needs" of their constituencies rather than in consideration of the individual within the larger social context. As such, intellectuals support the status quo.;The argument is made that nonformal adult educators and voluntary organization leaders adopt a more critical practice informed by transformative adult education and democratic communication. It is also recommended that the role of intellectuals be reconceptualized to include individuals from all classes of society charged with calling into question the status quo. |
