Principals' perceptions of needed leadership in technology in elementary schools

Rapid changes are occurring in technology in our society and in our schools. Effective leadership is pivotal in creating a culture of change and implementing technology in the schools of the 21st century. This presents new challenges for administrators as different strategies, skills, and competencies are needed. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of needed leadership in technology. Results from this study could serve as a resource for other administrators in targeting areas for personal and organizational growth.;The study used a mixed method design utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection tools consisted of surveys, interviews, and school observations. The instruments for data collection were developed by the researcher. Surveys were field tested to establish validity and reliability.;Demographic data were collected on 104 elementary schools in Jefferson County, Alabama, relating to socioeconomic status, size of school, per pupil spending, and students' ability to achievement ratio based on Stanford Achievement Test composite scores. Additional data were also collected through surveys to assess each school's level of implementation and each principal's personal level of implementation. A database was created and a multiple regression and bivariate analyses were conducted to analyze these data. Nine principals were selected for the interview pool.;Naturalistic inquiry and a pragmatic approach characterize the qualitative component. Interviews captured the essence of principals' perceptions of needed leadership in technology. Six research questions provided the framework for the interviews, and an interview guide was used to expanded opportunities for dialogue. School observations were also conducted at each site relating to capacity, access, and usage.;Data from the interviews were analyzed using a content analysis. Five broad categories emerged from the interview analysis: The Principal's Role in Technology Implementation, Current and Projected Skills, Barriers Affecting Technology, Addressing Change---Perceptions and Strategies, and The Digital Divide-Equity Issues. Even though leadership practices and skills varied among participants, active participation in using the tools of technology, modeling the use of these tools, and support and/or encouragement were major practices identified by all 9 principals. Needed skills, current and projected, included extending existing skills through additional training. Different degrees of capacity, access, and usage were found, but principals did not perceive these 3 factors as barriers in leading the implementation process. Gender equity was also not perceived as a barrier. When adopting new methods and operations, principals motivated individuals toward change associated with the implementation of new and emerging technologies by utilizing various strategies such as staff development, planning, and collaboration.