Bovine herpesvirus-1 anti-idiotypes: Immune response and interactions with virus receptors

nti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) were tested as vaccine candidates and as probes to study cell infection by bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). Rabbit Ab2 to a BHV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) were prepared. Reaction of anti-Id antisera with uninfected MDBK cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and could be specifically blocked by BHV-1. Affinity chromatography-purified Ab2 F(ab;Immunization with Ab2 IgG induced production of BHV-1-neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice; however, cellular immune responses were not virus-specific. Immune responses to rabbit Ab2 against neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to major bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) envelope glycoproteins, and BHV-1 glycoproteins (gI, gIII, and gIV), were compared in calves. Glycoprotein-immunized animals produced high titers of anti-BHV-1 antibodies and were protected from BHV-1 challenge. Recombinant bovine interleukin-2 (rIL2) treated, anti-Id-immunized animals showed a slight reduction in clinical disease and one calf produced BHV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Treatment with rIL2 augmented non-BHV-1-specific immune responses. However, even with rIL2 as an adjuvant, the mixture of polyclonal anti-Id did not elicit a consistent, protective BHV-1-specific immune response in calves.;Pretreatment of tissue culture cells with the Ab2 preparations inhibited subsequent BHV-1 infection, indicating that the Ab2 mimic epitopes of the viral glycoproteins that are involved in BHV-1-cell interactions. If cell surface components were extracted with non-cytolytic concentrations of sulfobetaine 3-14 or 3-16 detergents, cells became refractory to BHV-1 infection and infectibility was regenerated within 14 hr. Extracted cell surface proteins did not react with...