RIGHTS OF FUTURE GENERATIONS CONCERNING GENETIC HERITAGE (EUGENICS, JOEL FEINBERG, WRONGFUL BIRTH, CONCEPTION, PARADOX INDIVIDUALS)

Many writers argue that future persons cannot have rights because they do not exist now. Therefore, they cannot be our equals. Derek Parfit argues that future persons cannot claim that past persons have violated their rights. If actions of past persons alter the genetic identity of future persons, then they would not exist at all. It is argued that Parfit's view is incorrect. In such cases it is our duty to reason as if there is some real person or other at some temporal distance from us whom we must take precautions not to harm. Moreover, future persons are real, determinate persons. It would be as wrong to discriminate against them as it would be to discriminate against those at spatial distance.;The limitations of predictions in human genetics are reviewed, and a brief history of the misuses of information in genetics to support public policy in eugenics is given. It is argued that no wholescale public program in eugenics should be supported. But, individuals need to make responsible reproductive choices. Lineal descendants have rights not to be harmed by severely debilitating genetic conditions. Moreover, every immature person has rights to be nurtured, and parents have duties to care for children born to them. They have duties not to conceive or in some cases not to give birth to children who would be harmed by genetic diseases.;In accord with Joel Feinberg, rights are interpreted as valid claims to have our interests fulfilled. If it is known in advance that all of a particular future person's basic interests have been destroyed before he or she is born, then that person has a right not to be born. With respect to genetic heritage, some inherited conditions, notably anencephaly, Tay-Sachs syndrome, and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, do destroy all the basic interests of a person before he or she is born. Such individuals have rights not to be born. Other genetic conditions harm a child and may be a wrong her if such a condition could have been prevented by parents or others responsible for her conception or birth.